Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41071943›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of surgery (London, England)2026

A prospective cohort study on the efficacy of conservative and surgical treatments for patients with ADDwoR of the temporomandibular joint.

Pinyin Cao, Yao Liu, Jiannan Zhao, Xingyu Lyu, Xiaoqing Li, Haozhe Chen, Peng Wang, Zhan Su, Guomin Wu, Mengjie Wu and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of surgery (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Pinyin CaoState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yao LiuState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jiannan ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xingyu LyuState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xiaoqing LiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Temporomandibular Joint, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Haozhe ChenState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Peng WangState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Zhan SuState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Guomin WuDepartment of Oral, Plastic, and Aesthetic Surgery, The Bethune Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Mengjie WuSomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Nan JiangState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ruiye BiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Songsong ZhuState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthognathic and TMJ Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7593-3663

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe treatment options for anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are conservative and surgical treatments; however, current therapeutic strategies for ADDwoR remain highly heterogeneous. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these two treatment options in symptom alleviation and orofacial functional restoration.

methodsThe age of the patients was 18 years or older, and they underwent treatment for ADDwoR of the TMJ from December 2022 to February 2024, with patients providing 12-month follow-up data on pain, mouth-opening capacity, and chewing efficiency. The difference in the change in joint pain levels between the two methods was assessed from the baseline to the 12-month follow-up period. Mouth-opening capacity and chewing efficiency were assessed by pain-free maximum mouth opening and the TMJ chewing function self-test.

resultsA total of 218 participants [mean (SD) age = 31.9 (12.9) years; 195 (89%) women] were included in this study, and the conservative treatment group and surgical treatment group included 123 individuals [mean (SD) age = 32.9 (12.7) years; 113 (92%) women] and 95 individuals [mean (SD) age = 30.6 (13.1) years; 82 (86%) women], respectively. Both the conservative treatments [mean change =- 2.45 (95% CI = -3.031 to -1.864) points] and surgical treatments [mean change =- 2.24 (95% CI -2.867 to -1.603) points] resulted in a clinically important pain reduction at 12 months. However, there was no significant difference in the effects of conservative and surgical treatments on pain reduction ( P = 0.5737). The results of the secondary outcomes were mostly in line with those of the primary outcomes. Interestingly, among middle-aged and elderly patients with limited mouth opening, surgical treatments demonstrated a superior restoration of mouth-opening capacity compared to conservative treatments ( P = 0.0049).

conclusionsIn this cohort study of individuals with ADDwoR of the TMJ, both conservative and surgical treatments significantly improved clinically relevant pain, mouth-opening capacity and chewing efficiency in patients. And surgical intervention demonstrated superior efficacy in enhancing mouth opening among middle-aged and elderly patient.

Indexed as

Conservative TreatmentJoint DislocationsTemporomandibular Joint DiscTemporomandibular Joint DisordersAdultFemaleHumansMaleMasticationMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRange of Motion, ArticularTreatment OutcomeYoung Adultanterior disc displacement without reductionchewing efficiencymaximum mouth openingpaintemporomandibular joint disorder

Identifiers

PMID41071943
PMCPMC12825521

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-SA
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.