ArticleScientific reports2025
Implantable antenna for biomedical applications: electromagnetic, SAR, and thermal performance evaluation.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper presents the design and evaluation of a miniature implantable antenna for biomedical applications, optimized for narrowband telemetry at 2.402 GHz within the ISM band. The antenna achieves ultra-compact dimensions of 4 × 3.5 × 0.254 mm3 and exhibits stable impedance matching with a reflection coefficient (S11) below − 22 dB and a bandwidth of approximately 10.4%. The realized gain of − 28.3 dBi lies within the expected range for implantable devices, ensuring reliable short-range communication. Safety and biocompatibility were comprehensively assessed using CST Microwave Studio and COMSOL Multiphysics, incorporating RF exposure analysis and the Pennes bioheat equation. Results confirmed compliance with SAR limits (0.385 W/kg for 1 g tissue at 1 mW input) and showed that thermal rise remained ≤ 2 K under continuous operation. Furthermore, ex vivo validation in bovine fat confirmed the antenna’s performance in a biological environment. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the antenna’s electromagnetic characteristics, SAR compliance, and thermal safety, demonstrating its suitability for implantable biomedical devices such as pacemakers, neurostimulators, and biosensors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.