Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41078732›Full record

ArticleACS omega2025

Impact of Sulfur Vulcanization and Electron Beam Irradiation on the Properties of Antimicrobial Natural Rubber/Lignin Composite Films.

Numporn Thungphotrakul, Kittipong Rattanaporn, Patcharin Jarastrakull, Penjit Srinophakun, Paweena Prapainainar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS omega, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Numporn ThungphotrakulDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Kittipong RattanapornDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Patcharin JarastrakullDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
Penjit SrinophakunDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0754-1390
Paweena PrapainainarDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-4268

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lignin and sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) are gaining attention as sustainable additives to improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of natural rubber (NR) composite films. However, their performance under different vulcanization methods, including sulfur vulcanization and electron beam (EB) irradiation, remains inadequately investigated. This study compares these methods using lignin and SLS at concentrations of 1 and 3 phr (parts per hundred rubber). Sulfur vulcanization with 3 phr lignin achieved superior mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 27.8 MPa, elongation at break of 840%, and a 100% modulus of 1.18 MPa, compared to EB irradiation, which yielded a tensile strength of 16.3 MPa, elongation at break of 802%, and a 100% modulus of 0.89 MPa at the same concentration. Conversely, SLS at 1 phr enhanced tensile strength and modulus in sulfur-vulcanized films but showed minimal effects in EB-irradiated films. Antimicrobial tests demonstrated that sulfur-vulcanized films and EB-irradiated films with SLS inhibited bacterial growth against

Identifiers

PMID41078732
PMCPMC12508966

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.