Evidence mapPaperPMID 41079154Full record

ArticleClinical kidney journal2025

Regional citrate anticoagulation ensures safe and effective kidney replacement therapy in metformin-associated lactic acidosis.

Francesca Di Mario, Giuseppe Regolisti, Maria Chiara Pacchiarini, Benedetta Mordà, Paolo Greco, Caterina Maccari, Tommaso Di Motta, Vincenzo Oliva, Chiara Italiano, Teresa Coccini and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Francesca Di MarioUO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università̀ di Parma, Parma, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5496-4989
Giuseppe RegolistiScuola di Specializzazione in Nefrologia, Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Parma, Italy.
Maria Chiara PacchiariniUO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università̀ di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Benedetta MordàUO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università̀ di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Paolo GrecoUO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università̀ di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Caterina MaccariUO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università̀ di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Tommaso Di MottaUO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università̀ di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Vincenzo OlivaUO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università̀ di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Chiara ItalianoLaboratorio di Immunopatologia Renale "Luigi Migone", Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy.
Teresa CocciniLaboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre - National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
Elisa RodaLaboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre - National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
Enrico FiaccadoriUO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università̀ di Parma, Parma, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of metformin therapy, often associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). Sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED) offers both haemodynamic stability and effective metformin clearance. However, during regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA), concerns may arise regarding citrate accumulation due to metformin-induced impairment of cellular metabolism. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of SLED with RCA in the management of MALA, providing direct measurements of serum metformin and citrate levels to evaluate drug clearance and potential citrate accumulation. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on consecutive critically ill patients with severe AKI and suspected MALA undergoing a 16-h SLED session with RCA. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. Serum metformin and citrate levels were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography and enzymatic spectrophotometric analysis, respectively. Mixed effects linear models were used to analyse serum metformin, lactate, citrate, electrolytes and acid-base parameters over time. Results: Twenty-three patients (median age 79 years; APACHE II score 29) had metformin levels at intensive care unit (ICU) admission above the therapeutic range (median 29.1 mg/l; normal: 0.5-3). ICU mortality was 22% ( Conclusions: SLED with RCA is safe and effective in patients with MALA, ensuring adequate KRT duration, rapid metformin clearance and acid-base status restoration. Direct citrate measurements confirmed the absence of accumulation, reinforcing RCA as a viable anticoagulation strategy in this clinical setting.

Indexed as

acute kidney injury (AKI)metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA)regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA)sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED)

Identifiers

PMID41079154
PMCPMC12508805

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.