ReviewNature reviews. Urology2026
The hypoxic ECM and neutrophils in MIBC immunotherapy resistance.
Review in Nature reviews. Urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and validation of a biopsy-based model using tumor-associated neutrophils to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in osteosarcoma: a large single-center retrospective cohort study.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Article
- ELN orchestrates prometastatic and immunosuppressive niche in bladder cancer via TGFB1 autocrine signaling.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The extracellular matrix in inflammation and cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of resistance to antibody-drug conjugates in bladder cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Multi-omics integration and Mendelian randomization reveal the mechanisms and experimental validation of curcumin targeting the RXRA-PI3K/AKT axis to enhance cisplatin sensitivity in gastric cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) have improved survival for patients with different types of solid tumour. However, clinical response in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is limited, with only 20-30% demonstrating a sustained response. An improved understanding of ICI mechanisms and robust biomarkers will increase efficacy and enable patient stratification in MIBC. Hypoxia (low oxygen tension) and neutrophil infiltration are prevalent in MIBC and are associated with immunotherapy resistance. Hypoxia-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling can induce pro-tumour or anti-tumour neutrophil polarization through biomechanical and biochemical signalling. Hypoxia-associated ECM mechanisms alter neutrophil recruitment, polarization, activation and affect T cell-centric immunotherapies. However, the specific mechanisms by which hypoxia, ECM and neutrophils confer immunotherapy resistance in MIBC are not yet fully understood. ICI resistance could be overcome by targeting specific ECM remodelling-related and neutrophil-related pathways to elicit durable and efficacious responses in 70-80% of patients with MIBC who are currently non-responsive to ICIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41083779What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.