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ArticleCurrent medicinal chemistry2026

Imidazole-2-thione and Acylhydrazone Derivatives Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase-II: Synthesis,

Muhammad Ibrahim, Sobia Ahsan Halim, Majid Khan, Ajmal Khan, Muhammad Waqas, Manzoor Ahmad, Nazia Akbar, Sajid Ali, Samee Ullah, Jalal Uddin and 3 more

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Article in Current medicinal chemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Muhammad IbrahimDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Malakand, Pakistan.
Sobia Ahsan HalimNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
Majid KhanNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
Ajmal KhanNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
Muhammad WaqasNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
Manzoor AhmadDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Malakand, Pakistan.
Nazia AkbarDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 2100, Pakistan.
Sajid AliDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Malakand, Pakistan.
Samee UllahDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Malakand, Pakistan.
Jalal UddinDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abdul LatifDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Malakand, Pakistan.
Mumtaz AliDepartment of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Malakand, Pakistan.
Ahmed Al-HarrasiNatural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.

Funding

Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University RGP2/191/46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSeveral pathological conditions, including glaucoma, malignant brain tumors, and renal, gastric, and pancreatic carcinomas, are commonly associated with carbonic anhydrase type II (CA-II). Additionally, CA-II plays a critical role in regulating bicarbonate concentration in the eyes. The inhibition of CA-II reduces aqueous humor production and thus lowers intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma.

objectivesThis study aimed to synthesize potent CA-II inhibitors, 5-nitro-1H-benzo[ d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione (5NBIT) and acylhydrazone derivatives (1-13).

methodsIn this study, a new series of potent CA-II inhibitors,

resultsInterestingly, most of the compounds showed better inhibition than the standard drug, acetazolamide (IC

conclusionThese findings suggest that the synthesized 5NBIT and acylhydrazone derivatives exhibited potent CA-II inhibition, with several compounds outperforming the standard drug acetazolamide. These results provide valuable insights for the development of novel CA-II inhibitors with potential therapeutic applications in glaucoma and other related conditions.

Indexed as

Carbonic Anhydrase IICarbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsHydrazonesImidazolesThionesAnimalsCattleMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular StructureStructure-Activity RelationshipCarbonic Anhydrase IICarbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsHydrazonesImidazolesThionesbinding energy.Carbonic anhydrase-IIcarbonic anhydrase inhibitorsglaucomamolecular dockingmolecular dynamics simulation

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