GuidelineSaudi medical journal2025
Saudi Clinical Practice Guidelines for management of diabetic kidney disease in adults.
Abstract readSystematic ReviewPractice Guideline
In one paragraph
Guideline in Saudi medical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Translating evidence to action to improve care and outcomes in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.Saudi medical journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Khalid I AlmathamFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-9442
Hajer Y AlmudaiheemFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Waleed A AlhazzaniFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Haifa F AlotaibiFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saad S AlobailiFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed H TawhariFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saud N AlsifriFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Rehab B AlbakrFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed N AlomiFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Khalidah A AlenziFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Bedor A Al-OmariFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed H Al-JedaiFrom the Division of Nephrology (Almatham), Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine (Almatham), AlFaisal University, from the Saudi Society of Clinical Pharmacy (Almudaiheem, Al-Jedai), from Health Research Centre (Alhazzani, Alotaibi), Ministry of Defence Health Services, from the Nephrology Unit (Alobaili), Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, from the College of Medicine (Tawhari), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Tawhari), College of Medicine, from the Department of Medicine (Tawhari), King Abdulaziz Medical City, from the Division of Nephrology (Albakr), Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from King Salman Center for Kidney Diseases (Alomi), from Riyadh Second Health Cluster (Alomi), Ministry of Health, from the Department of Pharmaceutical Care Services (Al-Omari), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, from Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy (Al-Jedai), Al Faisal University, Riyadh, from the Department of Endocrinology (Alsifri), Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, from the Critical Care and Internal Medicine Department (Alhazzani), College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and from the Executive Management of Transformation, Planning, and Business Development (Alenzi), Tabuk Health Cluster, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo develop evidence-based national guidelines incorporating recent advancements in clinical research and therapeutic strategies for the management of patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
methodsWe developed the guidelines using the GRADE methodology and a multidisciplinary expert panel comprising nephrologists, endocrinologists, clinical pharmacists, and methodologists across KSA. We conducted a systematic literature review of studies published between 2014-2024. The evidence certainty was evaluated across 5 domains using GRADEpro and categorized into 4 levels: "high", "moderate", "low", and "very low". Recommendations were formulated based on the benefit-risk ratio, evidence quality, and expert consensus, with a minimum agreement threshold of 70%.
resultsWe established 39 evidence-based recommendations addressing key aspects of DKD management, including monitoring and treatment. Among the 39 recommendations, 6 focus on lifestyle interventions, 7 address glucose-lowering therapies, one discusses glycemic monitoring and targets, 8 address DKD evaluation and risk assessment, 7 emphasize comprehensive management approaches, and 10 discuss DKD pharmacological management. Two recommendations related to the comprehensive management of DKD were based on expert opinions owing to a lack of supporting evidence.
conclusionThese Saudi national guidelines offer an evidence-based approach for managing DKD in adults with DM and provide a comprehensive framework for monitoring and treatment. Nevertheless, further local research and data collection are warranted to refine and enhance the guidelines' effectiveness.
Indexed as
Diabetic NephropathiesAdultHumansHypoglycemic AgentsSaudi ArabiaHypoglycemic AgentsDiabetes mellitusDiabetic kidney diseaseKingdom of Saudi ArabiaManagement
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.