Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41087743›Full record

ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2026

Neurobehavioral performance of dual exposure to organophosphate pesticides and PAHs among farmers in rural agriculture communities.

Noppharath Sangkarit, Ajchamon Thammachai, Boonsita Suwannakul, Surat Hongsibsong, Juthasiri Rohitrattana, Jinjuta Panumasvivat, Pheerasak Assavanopakun, Ratana Sapbamrer

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Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Noppharath SangkaritDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
Ajchamon ThammachaiDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
Boonsita SuwannakulDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
Surat HongsibsongSchool of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Juthasiri RohitrattanaCenter for Safety, Health and Environment of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Jinjuta PanumasvivatDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Pheerasak AssavanopakunDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Ratana SapbamrerDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. ratana.sapbamrer@cmu.ac.th.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-2798

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFarmers in Northern Thailand are chronically exposed to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) through agricultural activities and to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from seasonal biomass burning. Both toxicants have been linked to neurobehavioral impairments, but little is known about their combined effects.

objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between urinary biomarkers of exposure to OPs and PAHs and neurobehavioral performance among farmers in rural agricultural communities, including potential interaction effects of co-exposure.

methodsA total of 115 farmers aged 20-70 years in Northern Thailand were recruited. Urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, biomarkers of OPs exposure, and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a biomarker of PAHs exposure, were measured. Neurobehavioral performance was assessed using the digit span test (DST), Purdue pegboard test (PEG), and visual-motor integration (VMI) test.

resultsHigher urinary dimethylphosphate (DMP) levels were significantly associated with lower DST forward digit span (β ± SE = -0.807 ± 0.284) and maximum forward digit span scores (β ± SE = -0.350 ± 0.159), indicating cognitive impairment. Increased 1-OHP levels were significantly correlated with lower VMI raw (β ± SE = -0.529 ± 0.236) and standard scores (β ± SE = -3.188 ± 1.239), suggesting impaired visual-motor integration. Notably, significant interaction effects were observed between DMP and 1-OHP on forward digit span (β ± SE = -0.244 ± 0.104) and VMI raw scores (β ± SE = -0.311 ± 0.121), and between DEP and 1-OHP on VMI performance (β ± SE = -0.264 ± 0.131 for raw score and -1.755 ± 0.686 for standard score), indicating that co-exposure may amplify neurobehavioral deficits. IMPACT: This study underscores the need for integrated interventions through improved pesticide safety, consistent use of personal protective equipment, and air pollution mitigation strategies.

Indexed as

FarmersOccupational ExposureOrganophosphatesPesticidesPolycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsAdultAgedAgricultureBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRural PopulationThailandYoung AdultBiomarkersOrganophosphatesPesticidesPolycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsAgricultural workerAgricultureAir pollutionPesticidePM2.5Rural

Identifiers

PMID41087743

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.