ArticleJournal of diabetes research2025
Effectiveness of the Health Extension for Diabetes Program, a DSMS Program Delivered In-Person and Online: A Quasiexperimental Comparative Study.
Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a complex, prevalent condition. Effective diabetes self-management requires knowledge, skills, and strategies to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes-related complications. This study evaluated the effectiveness of delivery methods, online versus in-person, for the 4-month-long Health Extension for Diabetes (HED) program, a self-management support program. Methodology: A quasiexperimental comparative study design assessed whether online HED delivery was as effective as in-person delivery and whether group differences affected health outcomes. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to assess changes in participants' weight, BMI, HbA1c, diabetes self-efficacy, knowledge, and self-management behaviors. This study included a total of 1018 participants ( Results: Online HED participants were mostly White non-Hispanic, significantly younger, more educated, and had higher income than in-person participants. Regardless of the delivery modality, positive changes pre- to postprogram were seen across all biometric and diabetes outcome measures. Significant differences between delivery modalities were observed for diabetes knowledge, with individuals in online groups demonstrating significantly higher knowledge scores at both assessment points. For weight and BMI, both modalities showed significant improvements. Conclusion: Online and in-person HED modalities effectively improved diabetes self-management, reaching two different demographic groups. Demographic differences between groups underscore the importance of offering multiple participation modalities to ensure accessibility and engagement across diverse populations. The HED program model, using a community-clinical linkage through Cooperative Extension, is an effective model for improving health outcomes of participants enrolled in both online and in-person DSMS programs. Future research should focus on how different participant characteristics influence engagement and long-term diabetes outcomes across delivery modalities.
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