Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41090779›Full record

ArticleCells2025

Checkpoint Imbalance in Primary Glomerulopathies: Comparative Insights into IgA Nephropathy and Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis.

Sebastian Mertowski, Paulina Mertowska, Milena Czosnek, Iwona Smarz-Widelska, Wojciech Załuska, Ewelina Grywalska

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cells, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sebastian MertowskiDepartment of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-7121-1396
Paulina MertowskaDepartment of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9530-6659
Milena CzosnekStudent Research Group of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Iwona Smarz-WidelskaDepartment of Nephrology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski Provincial Hospital in Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka Street, 20-718 Lublin, Poland.
Wojciech ZałuskaDepartment of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
Ewelina GrywalskaDepartment of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.

Funding

Medical University of Lublin PBmb163, DS640National Science Center, Poland 2024/08/X/NZ5/00659
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPrimary glomerulopathies are immune-driven kidney diseases. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) are prevalent entities with a risk of chronic progression. Immune checkpoints, such as PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4/CD86, and CD200R/CD200, regulate activation and tolerance in T, B, and NK cells, and also exist in soluble forms, reflecting systemic immune balance.

objectiveTo compare immune checkpoint profiles in IgAN and MPGN versus healthy volunteers (HV) through surface expression, soluble serum levels, and PBMC transcripts, with attention to sex-related differences and diagnostic value assessed by ROC curves. MATERIALS AND

methodsNinety age-matched subjects were studied: IgAN (

resultsLymphocyte distributions were preserved, but IgAN patients showed anemia and impaired renal function, while MPGN patients had greater proteinuria and dyslipidemia. GN patients displayed increased PD-1/PD-L1 and CD200R/CD200, with reduced CTLA-4/CD86, compared to HV. Serum analysis revealed elevated sPD-1, sPD-L1, sCD200, sCD200R and decreased sCTLA-4, sCD86. PBMC transcripts paralleled these trends, with PD-1/PD-L1 mainly increased in MPGN. Sex had minimal impact. ROC analyses showed strong GN vs. HV discrimination by CD19

conclusionsIgAN and MPGN share a sex-independent checkpoint signature: PD-1/PD-L1 and CD200R/CD200 upregulation with CTLA-4/CD86 downregulation. CD19

Indexed as

Glomerulonephritis, IGAGlomerulonephritis, MembranoproliferativeImmune Checkpoint ProteinsAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedImmune Checkpoint ProteinsCD200RCTLA-4glomerulonephritisIgANimmune checkpointimmune systemMPGNPD-1

Identifiers

PMID41090779
PMCPMC12524032

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.