Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41091672›Full record

ArticleInternational health2026

Global burden and cross-country inequality of infectious skin diseases in children: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Lang Rao, Shu-Xia Chang, Qiao Peng, Li-Ming Xiang, Wei-Sen Zhao, Pan Ran, Long Zhao, Yong-Hong Lu, Dong-Ze Wu, Yong-Feng Chen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Lang RaoDepartment of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510091, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6154-0102
Shu-Xia ChangDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Shenzhen Longgang Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China.
Qiao PengDepartment of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610017, China.
Li-Ming XiangDepartment of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610017, China.
Wei-Sen ZhaoDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Shenzhen Longgang Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, China.
Pan RanSchool of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China.
Long ZhaoSchool of Bioscience and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610500, China.
Yong-Hong LuDepartment of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610017, China.
Dong-Ze WuDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072, China.
Yong-Feng ChenDepartment of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510091, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfectious skin diseases (ISDs) in children require greater attention; this study aims to explore their global burden from 1990 to 2021.

methodsWe obtained data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 and present information on the number, rates of incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for ISDs among children, including bacterial, fungal and viral skin diseases.

resultsIn 2021, an estimated 685 367 728 new cases of ISDs in children were identified globally. Among these, bacterial, fungal and viral skin diseases accounted for 37.81%, 55.70% and 6.49%, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, a significant increase was observed in the incidence of ISDs, but a notable decrease was noted in the rate of DALYs. In 2021, low Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions had the highest incidence and DALYs rates for bacterial and fungal skin diseases; high-SDI regions exhibited the highest rates for viral skin diseases. India had the highest incidence rate of ISDs, while Ethiopia revealed the highest DALYs rate. Absolute inequality analyses showed the slope index of inequality narrowed from 1990 to 2021.

conclusionsThe incidence of ISDs among children is rising globally; children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionately higher disease burden. Intervention strategies are required to reduce the disease burden, particularly in LMICs.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthHealth Status DisparitiesSkin Diseases, InfectiousAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleHumansIncidenceInfantMaleSocioeconomic Factorschildrenglobal burden of disease studyhealth inequalityinfectious skin diseasestrend

Identifiers

PMID41091672
PMCPMC13154834

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.