Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41094564›Full record

ArticleNutrition & metabolism2025

Multifactorial relationships among the waist-to-hip ratio, insulin resistance, and obstructive sleep apnea in men: a large-scale cohort study.

Lilin Li, Wenjun Xue, Qian Yang, Qianqian Zhang, Hangdong Shen, Huajun Xu, Yupu Liu, Jianyin Zou, Suru Liu, Huaming Zhu and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Lilin Li *Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
Wenjun Xue *Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
Qian Yang *Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fengcheng Hospital in Fengxian District of Shanghai City, Chuannanfeng Road 9983, Shanghai, 201411, P. R. China.
Qianqian ZhangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
Hangdong ShenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
Huajun XuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
Yupu LiuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
Jianyin ZouDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
Suru LiuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
Huaming ZhuDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
Jian GuanDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China. guanjian0606@sina.com.
Hongbin XiongDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fengcheng Hospital in Fengxian District of Shanghai City, Chuannanfeng Road 9983, Shanghai, 201411, P. R. China. Xionghongbin6@163.com.
Xinyi LiDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China. lixinyilixinyi123@163.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82000967National Natural Science Foundation of China 82341242
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic comorbidities related to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are a major concern in regarding OSA prognosis and complexity. However, few studies have investigated the interrelationships among these metabolic comorbidities. We explored the associations among insulin resistance (IR), the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and OSA using innovative and rigorous statistical methods.

methodsWe enrolled 5,326 subjects after meticulous recording anthropometric, biochemical, and standard polysomnographic parameters. The relationships among IR, WHR, and OSA were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as well as moderation and mediation analyses.

resultsCFA showed that IR and obesity were strongly correlated (loading = 0.73, p < 0.001). OSA was associated with both obesity and IR (loading = 0.57, p < 0.001; loading = 0.46, p < 0.001, respectively). Obesity was strongly associated with both the body mass index (BMI) and the WHR (loading = 0.82, p < 0.001; loading = 0.67, p < 0.001, respectively). WHR served as a moderator; the interaction effect between WHR and IR on the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) was significant (coefficient = - 2.451; p = 0.023). Mediation analyses showed that WHR explained 14.93%, 14.02%, and 13.10% of the associations between IR and AHI, the oxygen desaturation index, and the micro-arousal index, respectively.

conclusionMultifactorial relationships are apparent among IR, WHR, and OSA. The complex interrelationships highlight the intricate clinical interactions among metabolic dysfunction, central obesity, and sleep-disordered breathing, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of OSA and its related health implications.

Indexed as

Confirmatory factor analysisInsulin resistanceMediation analysisModeration analysisObstructive sleep apneaWaist-Hip ratio

Identifiers

PMID41094564
PMCPMC12522730

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.