ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
The Timeline of the Association Between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Inflammatory Load Across Diabetes Duration: CRP and ESR Patterns and Their Metabolic Correlates.Metabolites · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are two strongly associated conditions that mutually influence each other. This review aims to follow the historical timeline of their association by highlighting the changing paradigm in CV risk management and treatment strategies in type 2 diabetes (T2D). While the discovery of insulin was a breakthrough in reducing life-threatening complications like diabetic ketoacidosis, patients with diabetes still faced a poor prognosis in terms of macrovascular outcomes, especially CVDs. Initial efforts in improving outcomes by tightly controlling glycemia proved insufficient, highlighting the complex relationship between the two diseases. After decades of focusing solely on glucose-lowering strategies, rosiglitazone, a promising new drug was developed, ultimately raising the flag about the potential higher risk of CV complications like myocardial infarction associated with its use. This turning point shifted the focus towards CV safety of novel glucose-lowering drugs, mandating for the development of cardiovascular outcome trials. Several drug classes, like sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), exceeded expectations by not only providing safety but also benefits in patients with T2D and CVDs and becoming the new standard of care in T2D management. The historical evidence linking T2D and CVDs has shaped regulatory requirements for cardiovascular outcome trials, guideline recommendations, and current therapeutic strategies. These insights highlight the importance of early interventions and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient outcomes.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.