Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41096914›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Protective Effects of PACAP in Diabetic Complications: Retinopathy, Nephropathy and Neuropathy.

Dora Reglodi, Andrea Tamas, Inez Bosnyak, Tamas Atlasz, Edina Szabo, Lina Li, Gabriella Horvath, Balazs Opper, Peter Kiss, Liliana Lucas and 6 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Dora ReglodiHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Andrea TamasHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Inez BosnyakHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Tamas AtlaszHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.ORCID 0000-0002-8112-8633
Edina SzaboHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Lina LiHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Gabriella HorvathHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Balazs OpperHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Peter KissHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Liliana LucasHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Grazia MaugeriSection of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0173-4885
Agata Grazia D'AmicoDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Velia D'AgataSection of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1114-8265
Eszter FabianHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Gyongyver RemanHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
Alexandra VaczyHUN REN-PTE PACAP Research Group, Department of Anatomy, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.

Funding

HUN-REN TKI14016National Brain Research Council NAP3NFKHI K135457NTA NTA Inez BosnyakTKP TKP2021-EGA-32
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide exerting, among others, strong trophic and protective effects. It plays a role in several physiological functions, including glucose homeostasis. The protective effects of PACAP are mainly mediated via its specific PAC1 receptor by stimulating anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant pathways. The aim of the present review is to summarize data on the protective effects of PACAP in the three major complications of diabetes, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, as well as some other complications. In type 1 and type 2 diabetic retinopathy models and in glucose-exposed cells of the eye, PACAP counteracted the degeneration of retinal layers and inhibited apoptosis and factors leading to abnormal vessel growth. In models of nephropathy, kidney morphology was better retained after PACAP administration, with decreased apoptosis and fibrosis. In diabetic neuropathy, PACAP protected against axonal-myelin lesions and less activation in pain processing centers. This neuropeptide has several other beneficial effects in diabetes-induced complications like altered vascular response, cognitive deficits and atherosclerosis. The promising therapeutic effects of PACAP in several pathological conditions have encouraged researchers to design PACAP-related drugs and to develop ways to enhance tissue delivery. These intentions are expected to result in overcoming the hurdles preventing PACAP from being introduced into therapeutic treatments, including diabetes-related conditions.

Indexed as

Diabetes ComplicationsDiabetic NephropathiesDiabetic NeuropathiesDiabetic RetinopathyPituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating PolypeptideAnimalsHumansPituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptidediabetic keratopathydiabetic nephropathydiabetic neuropathydiabetic retinopathy

Identifiers

PMID41096914
PMCPMC12525226

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.