Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41100283›Full record

ArticleNeuropsychology2026

Childhood maltreatment and cognitive functioning from young adulthood to late midlife: A prospective study.

Molly Maxfield, Kellie Courtney, Stephanie Assuras, Jennifer J Manly, Cathy Spatz Widom

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuropsychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Molly MaxfieldCenter for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University.ORCID 0000-0002-3502-2176
Kellie CourtneyDepartment of Psychology, John Jay College, City University of New York.ORCID 0000-0002-5257-1839
Stephanie AssurasDepartment of Clinical Neuropsychology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Columbia University Irving Medical Center.ORCID 0009-0008-4559-4726
Jennifer J ManlyGertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, Columbia University.ORCID 0000-0002-9481-7497
Cathy Spatz WidomDepartment of Psychology, John Jay College, City University of New York.ORCID 0000-0001-7006-4905

Funding

THIRTY YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF NEGLECTED CHILDRENR01HD040774 · NICHD · UNIV OF MED/DENT OF NJ-NJ MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI WIDOM, CATHY SPATZ · 2000 to 2009
$8.7M
Child Maltreatment and Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG058683 · NIA · JOHN JAY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE · PI WIDOM, CATHY SPATZ · 2018 to 2022
$7.6M
CHILDHOOD VICTIMIZATION AND LIFETIME REVICTIMIZATIONR01MH058386 · NIMH · UNIV OF MED/DENT OF NJ-NJ MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI WIDOM, CATHY SPATZ · 1999 to 2003
$2.8M
Child Abuse and Neglect, Chronic Stress, and Drug AbuseR01DA017842 · NIDA · UNIV OF MED/DENT OF NJ-NJ MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI WIDOM, CATHY SPATZ · 2004 to 2005
$386k
CHILD ABUSE AND ALCOHOL ABUSER21AA011108 · NIAAA · UNIV OF MED/DENT OF NJ-NJ MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI WIDOM, CATHY SPATZ · 1997 to 1998
–
CHILD ABUSE, RISK, AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS--DRUG ABUSER01DA010060 · NIDA · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY · PI WIDOM, CATHY SPATZ · 1996 to 1997
–
LONGTERM MENTAL OUTCOMES OF CHILD ABUSE &NEGLECTR01MH049467 · NIMH · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY · PI WIDOM, CATHY SPATZ · 1992 to 1994
–
CHILDHOOD VICTIMIZATION AND RISK FOR ALCOHOL PROBLEMSR03AA009238 · NIAAA · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY · PI WIDOM, CATHY SPATZ · 1992 to 1993
–
Doris Duke Charitable FoundationEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institute of JusticeNIAAA NIH HHSNIAAA NIH HHS R03 AA009238NIAAA NIH HHS R21 AA011108NIA NIH HHSNIA NIH HHS R01 AG058683NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD040774NIDA NIH HHSNIDA NIH HHS R01 DA010060NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA017842NIMH NIH HHSNIMH NIH HHS R01 MH049467NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH058386
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe negative consequences of childhood maltreatment have been documented across multiple domains, including cognitive functioning in midlife. This study examined the impact of childhood maltreatment on cognitive functioning into late midlife, changes over time, and the extent to which cognitive change over time predicted functional impairment.

methodWe use data from a prospective cohort design study in which individuals with documented histories of childhood maltreatment (ages 0-11 years) and demographically matched controls without those histories were interviewed over five study waves: 1989-1995 (

resultsChildhood maltreatment predicted poorer performance on cognitive tasks in young adulthood and late midlife, except for Stroop, and predicted a steeper decline in performance on the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised and Trails B. Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised, Matrix Reasoning, and Trails A and B change scores predicted greater perceived functional decline on the eight-item Informant Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia, whereas childhood maltreatment did not.

conclusionsThe effects of childhood maltreatment on cognitive functioning continue into late midlife, with worse performance on tasks assessing general intelligence, abstract visual reasoning, processing speed, and set-shifting compared with controls. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

Adult Survivors of Child AbuseChild AbuseCognitionCognitive DysfunctionExecutive FunctionAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsProspective Studies

Identifiers

PMID41100283
PMCPMC12616537

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.