Evidence mapPaperPMID 41100529Full record

SynthesisPloS one2025

Effective implementation of the Sport Education Model in physical education: A meta-analysis of participant and intervention characteristics.

Gege Yao, Junlong Zhang, Kim Geok Soh, Xiaorong Bai, Wensheng Xiao, Mohd Ashraff Mohd Anuar, Lixia Bao

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Gege YaoThe 19th Middle School, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China.
Junlong ZhangDepartment of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5076-544X
Kim Geok SohDepartment of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.
Xiaorong BaiSchool of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
Wensheng XiaoSchool of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
Mohd Ashraff Mohd AnuarDepartment of Professional Development and Continuing Education, Faculty of Education Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.
Lixia BaoDepartment of Sports Studies, Faculty of Education Studies, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite substantial evidence supporting the positive effects of the Sport Education Model (SEM) on students' physical abilities, mental health, and social skills, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding the moderating variables that influence its effectiveness. This study investigates the facilitative effects of SEM on students' physical education learning and examines the Participant and Intervention Characteristics that modulate its impact. Following the PICOS framework, two researchers independently conducted a comprehensive literature search across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCOhost (CINAHL with Full Text and SPORTDiscus with Full Text) databases. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and a meta-analysis was performed on the selected studies. A total of 15 studies involving 2,890 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicate that SEM significantly improves students' physical education learning outcomes (Effect size = 0.590, 95% CI: 0.284-0.897, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that SEM intervention was particularly effective for secondary school students (Effect size = 1.055, 95% CI: 0.361-1.759, P = 0.003), those in small class sizes (Effect size = 1.058, 95% CI: 0.314-1.802, P = 0.005), and students without prior SEM experience (Effect size = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.136-1.072, P = 0.011), and the most effective SEM intervention plan comprises 2 sessions per week (Effect size = 1.820, 95% CI: 0.486-3.154, P = 0.008), with each session lasting at least 60 minutes (Effect size = 1.002, 95% CI: 0.437-1.568, P = 0.001) and a total of no more than 18 sessions (Effect size = 0.654, 95% CI: 0.297-1.010, P = 0.001). SEM effectively enhances students' physical education learning and positively influences their cognitive and non-cognitive abilities. The most effective intervention includes two weekly lessons of at least 60 minutes each, totaling no more than 18 lessons, targeting secondary students without prior SEM experience in small class sizes. This study offers practical recommendations for SEM implementation and theoretical support for the high-quality development of school sports.

Indexed as

Models, EducationalPhysical Education and TrainingSportsAdolescentHumansLearningMaleStudents

Identifiers

PMID41100529
PMCPMC12530615

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.