Observational studyChest2026
Cardiovascular Events in COPD: Complementary Role of Cardiac Risk and Coronary Artery Calcium Scores.
Observational study in Chest, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Developing and validating the CE-MACE model to predict 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events post-COPD exacerbation using routine healthcare data.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Risk During the 90-Day Vulnerable Window After COPD Exacerbations: A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients with COPD are at high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) developing. Existing clinical tools for risk stratification in these patients have underperformed in predicting the outcomes. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does a combination of cardiovascular risk score (CVRS) and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) improve risk assessment of MACEs in patients with COPD? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsThis was an observational cohort of patients with COPD (n = 529). They underwent a chest CT scan, and clinical, functional, and laboratory data were recorded. The CACS and CVRS (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation [SCORE] 2, SCORE2-Older People [OP], SCORE2-Diabetes, and Secondary Manifestations of Arterial Disease [SMART] risk scores) were calculated. Using a threshold of CVRS of ≥ 10% or CACS score of > 3, patients were divided into 4 groups-group I, CVRS < 10% and CACS ≤ 3; group II, CVRS ≥ 10% and CACS ≤ 3; group III, CVRS < 10% and CACS > 3; and group IV, CVRS ≥ 10% and CACS > 3-who were followed up for a median of 98 months. Regression analysis and Kaplan Meier curves were used to compare the risks among groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the performance of CACS and CVRS and their combination to predict MACEs.
resultsMost patients were male (80%) with moderate COPD. Over time, 131 patients (24%) experienced a MACE. Compared with group I, the hazard ratios for MACEs were: group IV, 7.6 (95% CI, 4.9-11.9; P < .001); group III, 3.1 (95% CI, 1.8-8.5; P < .001); and group II, 2.6 (95% CI, 1.6-4.2; P < .001). The areas under the ROC curve for predicting MACEs were 0.72 (P < .01) for CACS plus CVRS compared with 0.69 for CVRS and 0.66 for CACS.
conclusionsThe combination of cardiovascular risk and coronary artery calcification scores were shown to provide a complementary role in MACE risk stratification in patients with COPD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.