ArticleEye (London, England)2025
Associations between sleep patterns and diabetic retinopathy: insights from cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the risk of diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigates the associations between various sleep patterns and DR prevalence and incidence.
methodsWe conducted a multi-stage analysis combining cross-sectional and longitudinal data from UK Biobank (UKB) and Shanghai Cohort of Diabetic Eye Disease (SCODE), alongside two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Sleep traits included daytime napping, sleep duration, chronotype, snoring, insomnia, dozing and sleep apnoea. Associations with DR prevalence and incidence were evaluated using logistic and Cox regression models, adjusting for key covariates. Daytime sleepiness was further assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). MR analysis employed inverse variance weighting and sensitivity tests to assess causality, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy.
resultsUKB cross-sectional data showed that frequent daytime napping was associated with higher DR prevalence (Usually vs. Never/rarely, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.847, P < 0.001), while SCODE data linked more frequent napping (P = 0.013), longer daytime sleep duration (P = 0.023), and higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores (P = 0.046) to higher DR prevalence. Longitudinal analysis found that frequent daytime napping (Usually vs. Never/rarely, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.317, P < 0.001) was associated with DR incidence. Mendelian randomisation analysis suggested a possible link between daytime napping and DR (IVW OR = 1.46, P = 0.04), though this did not withstand multiple testing correction.
conclusionsExcessive daytime sleepiness may be associated with an increased risk of DR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.