Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41102740›Full record

ArticleJournal of translational medicine2025

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza A virus infection across age groups: a longitudinal analysis based on gender and clinical diagnosis.

Shu Li, Kewei Xing, Yan Su, Xinyuan Zhang, Chunli Li

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shu Li *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, China.
Kewei Xing *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, China.
Yan SuDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, China.
Xinyuan Zhang *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, China. cqfy_zhangxy@126.com.
Chunli Li *Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401174, China. lcl518023@126.com.ORCID 0000-0003-4601-9092

Funding

Chongqing medical scientific research project (Joint project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau) 2024QNXM060National Natural Science Foundation of China 82402014Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0249
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRespiratory infections, particularly those caused by influenza A virus (IAV), represent a major global health concern, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 21,191 patient records in Chongqing, spanning a five-year surveillance period. Logistic and Poisson regression analyses were performed to characterize IAV prevalence across age-stratified, gender-specific, and clinically defined subgroups. In addition, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to examine the nonlinear effects of meteorological factors on IAV transmission.

resultsThe overall IAV positivity rate was 13.79%, with marked differences across demographic subgroups. Preschool children (ages 4-6) showed the strongest association with IAV infection (OR = 6.25, 95% CI: 4.98-7.85; RR = 5.14, 95% CI: 4.13-6.41; both P < 0.001), followed by school-aged children (ages 7-18; OR = 5.60, 95% CI: 4.45-7.06; RR = 4.70, 95% CI: 3.76-5.88; both P < 0.001). Following the relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions, IAV positivity rebounded to 21.66% in 2023, with epidemic peaks observed in March-April and November-March. Four distinct epidemic waves were identified during the 2020-2024 surveillance period. RCS models revealed significant nonlinear associations between IAV prevalence and mean temperature, temperature variation, and mean relative humidity (all P for overall and nonlinear < 0.05). The highest positivity rates occurred at mean temperatures of 7.16-16.80 °C, temperature differences > 10.92 °C, and relative humidity levels of 61.91-74.00% (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, IAV infection was significantly more common in female patients compared with male patients (14.79% vs. 12.57%), and among patients with upper respiratory tract infections compared with those with lower respiratory tract infections (15.84% vs. 11.42%).

conclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of targeted public health interventions and sustained surveillance to reduce the burden of IAV-related respiratory infections and improve patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Influenza A virusInfluenza, HumanAdolescentAdultAgedAge FactorsChildChild, PreschoolChinaCOVID-19FemaleHumansInfantLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedClimatic factorsEpidemiologyInfluenza A virusRespiratory tract infection

Identifiers

PMID41102740
PMCPMC12532809

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.