Evidence mapPaperPMID 41103191Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2025

Prevalence and Duration of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions Among US Nursing Home Residents, 2018-2020.

Laura A Reich, Lori A Daiello, Sarah D Berry, Adam M D'Amico, Douglas P Kiel, Daniel A Harris, Kaleen N Hayes, Charles E Leonard, Yu-Chia Sam Hsu, Andrew R Zullo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Laura A ReichCenter for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8424-2276
Lori A DaielloCenter for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Sarah D BerryHinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Department of Medicine, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Adam M D'AmicoCenter for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Douglas P KielHinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Department of Medicine, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Daniel A HarrisDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.
Kaleen N HayesCenter for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-0071
Charles E LeonardDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Yu-Chia Sam HsuDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Andrew R ZulloCenter for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1673-4570

Funding

Drug interactions involving psychoactive drugsR01AG060975 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · 2021 to 2025
$1.9M
Clinically Significant Drug Interactions among Nursing Home Residents with ADRDR01AG077620 · BROWN UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$693k
Post-Acute Care Medication Use and Functional Recovery in Heart FailureR01AG088522 · BROWN UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$623k
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG060975NIA NIH HHS R01AG060975NIA NIH HHS R01 AG077620NIA NIH HHS R01AG077620NIA NIH HHS R01 AG088522NIA NIH HHS R01AG088522NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG089541NIA NIH HHS RF1AG089541
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNursing home (NH) residents are at increased risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) due to multimorbidity and polypharmacy. While prior research suggests that many DDIs lead to adverse drug events in older adults, the extent of exposure to potentially clinically relevant DDIs among United States (US) NH residents is largely unknown.

methodsIn this cohort study, we calculated the prevalence and duration of exposure to 98 potential DDIs among US NH residents from 2018 to 2020. DDIs were sourced from three expert consensus publications, some of which defined similar interactions and overlapping drug combinations, allowing comparisons within and across lists. Data were drawn from Medicare claims linked to Minimum Data Set 3.0 clinical assessments. Eligible residents included Medicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries aged ≥ 66 years living in NHs with observable Part D prescription drug data. DDI exposure was defined as ≥ 1 day of concurrent use of orally administered medications. Prevalence was calculated as the proportion of residents exposed to each DDI; duration was measured as the median number of days residents concurrently used the medications of interest.

resultsAmong 485,251 NH residents, 61.6% experienced ≥ 1 potential DDI over 272,780 person-years. The 12 most prevalent DDIs involved central nervous system (CNS)-active drugs, anticholinergics, antihypertensives, opioids, and diuretics. Of these DDIs, concurrent use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and heart rate-reducing drugs had the longest median exposure duration (81 days; Q1-Q3, 24-235). The most prevalent DDI, concomitant use of ≥ 3 CNS-active drugs, was observed in 27.1% (95% CLs, 27.0%, 27.2%) of residents.

conclusionsNearly two-thirds of NH residents were exposed to medication combinations linked to potential DDIs, although the prevalence and duration of exposure associated with individual DDIs varied. Future research should determine which DDIs are most clinically significant and investigate barriers to reducing exposure duration in this high-risk population.

Indexed as

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsNursing HomesAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesDrug InteractionsFemaleHumansMalePolypharmacyPrevalenceTime FactorsUnited Statesdrug–drug interactionsnursing homeolder adultspolypharmacy

Identifiers

PMID41103191
PMCPMC12748051

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.