ArticleNature reviews bioengineering2025
Extracellular vesicles for the delivery of gene therapy.
Article in Nature reviews bioengineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- GNPs-pIL-4 reprograms macrophage polarization and activates the OSM/GSNOR/ENG axis to improve angiogenesis in ischemic limbs.Science advances · 2026Article
- Targeting mNature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Biomarkers, Mechanisms, and Emerging Diagnostic Technologies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Regenerative and Cosmetic Medicine: Safety, Clinical Effectiveness, Therapeutic Applications, and Regulatory Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based delivery systems for nucleic acid therapeutics.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Engineering challenges and translational opportunities in emerging gene delivery platforms.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Exosome-loaded nanoradiosensitizers in radiotherapy for preventing post-irradiation tumor recurrence: mechanisms, preclinical evidence, and translational challenges.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Article
- Optimizing next-generation CAR-macrophages against solid tumors: challenges and potential strategies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- An exosome-biomimetic photothermal nanocarrier for IGF2BP2 siRNA delivery and enhanced ferroptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Hydrogel-mEV-SKAP2: A promising biotherapeutic product for male fertility decline.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects for Clinical Translation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Nanoarchitectonics in Materials Science, Second Edition.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated U1 snRNA Delivery Restores Aberrant Pre-mRNA Splicing in Human Cells.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal tumors and associated nerve damage: advances, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Gene therapy has brought hope for the treatment of previously incurable diseases, such as genetic disorders, cancers and autoimmune diseases. However, gene therapy requires efficient delivery with cell and tissue specificity, which remains challenging owing to the limited targeting and cargo-loading capacity of viral delivery vehicles, as well as immunogenicity and toxicity concerns. Extracellular vesicles can be designed as non-viral carriers for gene therapy owing to their ability to deliver multiple cargo types, including transgenes, small encoding or non-coding RNA, DNA and functional proteins. Importantly, extracellular vesicles are immunologically neutral and can cross biological barriers. In this Review, we discuss the application of extracellular vesicles in gene therapy. We outline how the inherent content of extracellular vesicles can facilitate different gene-therapy approaches and examine the design of extracellular vesicles for the loading of gene-therapy tools, targeted delivery and cargo release. Finally, we survey clinical applications of extracellular vesicles and highlight important engineering and translational challenges.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.