Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41104334›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025

Mongolian medicine theory-based multidimensional evaluation of toxicity mitigation in Hezi-processed Caowu jointly mediated by powder dosage form and small dose.

Jing Wang, Liyuan Bao, Ying Zhao, Liangliang Song, Wenting Zu, Jiasheng Wang, Hongshuang Chi, Yichen Li, Hong Du

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jing WangSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Liyuan BaoSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Ying ZhaoSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Liangliang SongSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Wenting ZuSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Jiasheng WangSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Hongshuang ChiSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Yichen LiSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Hong DuSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Backgroud: Caowu (CW, Methods: HPLC was used to quantify the content of main metabolites in SCW and HCW (in powder or decoction form). The pharmacological effects were evaluated using Results: Using HPLC, we found that both the use of HZ as an excipient for processing CW and decocting CW with water affect the content of alkaloids in CW. In the xylene-induced ear edema model, SCW powder, SCW decoction, and HCW powder showed significant anti-inflammatory effects by regulating inflammation-related factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10); in contrast, HCW decoction did not show significant anti-inflammatory effects compared with the model group. In the formalin-induced pain model, both SCW and HCW exerted analgesic effects to varying degrees by regulating pain-related factors (5-HT and PGE2). In the toxicity study, SCW powder exhibited the strongest toxicity to the heart; in contrast, SCW decoction had the weakest toxicity, while HCW powder and HCW decoction fell in between. Furthermore, the types of arrhythmia induced by SCW powder were most complex. In addition, the cardiotoxicity of SCW was closely related to oxidative stress. Cell experiments showed that SCW induced H9c2 cell damage, which HCW partially mitigated by regulating the p38/JNK pathway. Conclusion: In conclusion, compared with SCW, HCW reduces toxicity while exerting pharmacological effects in powder dosage form. This attenuation is linked to a reduction in oxidative stress, inhibition of p38/JNK phosphorylation, and regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis-related protein expression. This finding advances our understanding of the coexistence of toxicity and efficacy in clinical application of CW.

Indexed as

Aconiti kusnezoffii RadixalkaloidChebulae Fructusdosage formJNK MAPKp38toxicity and effect

Identifiers

PMID41104334
PMCPMC12521102

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.