Observational studyRheumatology (Oxford, England)2026
Deprivation indices and their association with fragility fractures and bone density: evidence from a large observational cohort.
Observational study in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Investigating the association between urban rural classification with fragility fractures and bone density in the UK: evidence from a large observational clinical cohort.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSocioeconomic deprivation as a fracture risk factor remains underexplored. We evaluated associations between deprivation indices and bone health outcomes in a UK clinical population.
methodsA total of 40 951 patients aged ≥50 years underwent DXA scanning between June 2004 and May 2025 in northwest England. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and Townsend Deprivation Score (TDS). Generalised additive models examined associations between deprivation and major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs), hip fractures (HFs), bone density and body composition while adjusting for FRAX risk factors.
resultsOf the 40 951 patients who underwent DXA scanning, 32 324 (79%) were women with mean age 68.2 years and 11 811 MOFs including 2208 hip fractures. After excluding patients with missing deprivation data, 29 693 patients were analysed. The most deprived patients (IMD) had higher odds of MOF (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.14) and HF (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.46). TDS was also associated with MOF (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18). Both indices were linked to higher osteoporosis odds: TDS showed ORs of 1.45 (95% CI 1.33-1.59) for femoral neck and 1.30 (95% CI 1.19-1.29) for lumbar spine, while IMD showed ORs of 1.34 (95% CI 1.24-1.45) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.13-1.29), respectively. Deprived patients had increased regional body fat: TDS had 0.90% higher femoral fat and 0.84% higher abdominal fat, while IMD showed 0.60% and 0.67% higher fat percentages, respectively.
conclusionsSocioeconomic deprivation is independently associated with increased fracture odds, osteoporosis and high fragility fracture risk-related body composition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.