ArticleNPJ precision oncology2025
Circulating enolase 1 as a diagnostic biomarker for early-stage breast cancer.
Article in NPJ precision oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Small extracellular vesicles as system-level regulators and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer progression and chemoresistance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Orchestrating Tumor Metastasis: Exosomes as Master Regulators of the Local and Distant Microenvironment.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Diagnosis of stage 1 breast cancer is challenging as small tumors are often left undetected by conventional imaging techniques. In addition, ~80% of detected breast masses are classified as benign, which means that a large proportion of diagnostic needle biopsies lead to unnecessary psychological stress and medical costs. We investigated circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential carriers of unique cancer-associated proteins capable of reporting on a breast cancer diagnosis. We isolated EVs from healthy (19), benign (19), and stage 1 breast cancer patient (86) plasma samples using size exclusion chromatography. Mass spectrometry identified 94 significantly changed proteins in the plasma EVs from breast cancer patients. Analysis of a subset of these proteins using a cohort of pre- and post-operative breast cancer patient plasma EVs identified enolase 1 as a promising biomarker. We further validated enolase 1 in a larger patient cohort by high-throughput ELISA of plasma. Enolase 1 was found to be significantly elevated in plasma from stage 1 breast cancer patients compared to healthy and benign individuals, and decreased in post-operative plasma upon tumor removal. Our findings suggest that an enolase 1 liquid blood biopsy could be used to support the detection of breast cancer at the earliest, most treatable, stage.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.