Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41112727›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025

Body composition and environmental factors' influence on metabolically unhealthy obesity in children: insights from the CCACH study.

Xiangjun Xie, Hong Cheng, Jingfan Xiong, Yan Li, Pei Xiao, Hongbo Dong, Xinying Shan, Yanyan Li, Liwan Fu, Jie Mi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xiangjun Xie *Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hong Cheng *Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
Jingfan Xiong *Child and Adolescent Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Department, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China.
Yan LiChild and Adolescent Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Department, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China.
Pei XiaoCenter for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hongbo DongCenter for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xinying ShanDepartment of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
Yanyan LiChild and Adolescent Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Department, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China.
Liwan FuCenter for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Jie MiCenter for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) is a subtype of obesity characterized by alterations in metabolic health parameters, such as elevated glycemia, dyslipidemia, and increased blood pressure. Body composition, lifestyle behaviors, and their interactions influence its development. This study examined the impact of body composition and lifestyle factors on MUO phenotypes in children and adolescents with obesity. Methods: The study included 1,375 children with obesity, aged 6-19 years, from China. All participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the evaluation of body composition. Participants were classified as having MUO based on either insulin resistance (IR) or cardiometabolic risk (CR) factors (blood pressure, lipids, and glucose). The study also assessed the influence of body composition in conjunction with environmental factors, including lifestyle aspects and family medical history. Results: The prevalence of MUO-CR and MUO-IR was 43.6 and 38.9%, respectively. Android fat mass (FM), visceral fat, and fat-free mass (FFM) were identified as significant independent predictors of MUO, regardless of the CR or IR definitions used. For MUO-CR, a significant interaction was found between fast food consumption, FM, and FFM. For MUO-IR, sleep duration exhibited a notable interaction with FFM and FM across different regions. No comparable effect was observed for physical activity. Conclusion: This study suggests that the prevalence of MUO is below 50% in Chinese children with obesity. The results reveal that body composition and lifestyle factors are significantly linked to MUO status.

Indexed as

body compositionlife behavior factormetabolically healthy obesitymetabolically unhealthy obesitymetabolic syndrome

Identifiers

PMID41112727
PMCPMC12527886

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.