Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41114125›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2025

Microglia-containing neural organoids as brain microphysiological systems for long-term culture.

Alex Rittenhouse, Caroline Krall, Jesse Plotkin, Dowlette-Mary Alam El Din, Breanne Kincaid, Jason Laird, Lena Smirnova

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. New approach methodologies in neurotherapeutics development.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Modeling pediatric brain tumors with human stem cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Novel advanced patient-derivedFrontiers in neurology
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Alex Rittenhouse *Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Caroline Krall *Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Jesse PlotkinCenter for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Dowlette-Mary Alam El DinCenter for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Breanne KincaidCenter for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Jason LairdCenter for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Lena SmirnovaCenter for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Funding

Traning Program in Environmental Health SciencesT32ES007141 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Marsha Wills-Karp · 1985 to 2026
$22.2M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM136577 · NIGMS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ANDREA L COX · 2020 to 2026
$13.4M
GEARs Combining advances in Genomics and Environmental science to accelerate Actionable Research and practice in ASDR01ES034554 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Christine Ladd-Acosta, HEATHER E VOLK · 2022 to 2026
$9.7M
NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES034554NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007141NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136577
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microglia, essential for brain development, homeostasis, and neuroinflammation, originate from the yolk sac during embryogenesis and migrate into the developing brain. Because of this developmental origin, many brain organoid models naturally lack microglia and require co-culture. To address this issue, we developed a microglia-integrated brain organoid model (immune-competent brain microphysiological system,

Indexed as

iPSC-derived 3D modelsmicrogliamicrophysiological systems (MPS)neural organoidsnew approach methodologies (NAMs)

Identifiers

PMID41114125
PMCPMC12528120

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.