ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2025
Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: Markers of Severity and Outcome.
Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnosis and treatment of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with isolated central nervous system involvement: A case report.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Fifteen years of autoimmune encephalitis in Denmark: incidence, epidemiology, and trends in treatment.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Plasma proteome in LGI-1 autoimmune encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- The role of CSF IL-6 levels in diagnosis and outcome prediction of autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multimodal temporal dissociation in anti-GABAFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- HLA genotyping and clinical characteristics of early-onset and late-onset anti-LGI1 encephalitis: a single-center cohort study in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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18 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesAnti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (anti-LGI1) encephalitis is the most common antibody-mediated encephalitis in adults older than 50 years. In addition to antibody effects, cytokines and chemokines drive neuroinflammation in other autoimmune encephalitides. However, their role in anti-LGI1 encephalitis is underexplored. We evaluated cytokine profiles in serum and CSF, correlating them with acute severity and long-term outcome.
methodsCytokine/chemokine levels from 57 untreated patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis were measured in serum and CSF (34 paired samples) with a bead-based multiplex assay and compared with those of patients with noninflammatory neurologic disorders (serum = 24; CSF = 21). Clinical information including degree of severity (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) and 12-month functional outcomes (resume previous activities and work) was assessed.
resultsPatients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis exhibited an increased proinflammatory profile in CSF and serum, with elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-35, IP-10, granzyme B, CX3CL1, MIG, TNFα, and SDF1. A higher CSF/serum IL-6 ratio correlated with disease severity at onset (mRS score >2: 1.67 [0.50-7.20] vs 0.39 [0.07-1.22], DISCUSSION: In this study, we show that the acute-phase IL-6 CSF/serum ratio and serum IL-35 levels in immunotherapy-naive patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis are associated with disease severity and poor outcomes, respectively, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for risk stratification and therapeutic targeting.
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