Evidence mapPaperPMID 41116804Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Rebound or Retention: A Meta-Analysis of Weight Regain After the Discontinuation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists and Other Anti-obesity Drugs.

Ravi Teja Kolli, Sridevi Aoutla, Nirmal Jyothi, Mohamed Raghib Hussain Mohamed Kalifa, Arvin Raju, Kavya Cheenikkal Muralidharan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Peptide Hormones in Appetite Regulation: A Complex Network.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ravi Teja KolliDepartment of General Medicine, Chettinad Institute of Medical Sciences, Chennai, IND.
Sridevi AoutlaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, GBR.
Nirmal JyothiDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Max Hospital, Dehradun, IND.
Mohamed Raghib Hussain Mohamed KalifaDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, GBR.
Arvin RajuDepartment of General Medicine, Arthurs Hospital, Nagapattinam, IND.
Kavya Cheenikkal MuralidharanDepartment of Cardiology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, GBR.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anti-obesity pharmacotherapies, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and orlistat, are effective for weight loss; however, weight regain following treatment discontinuation remains a major concern. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the magnitude of weight regain after reaching peak weight loss, and to compare rebound effects across four commonly used agents: semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide, and orlistat. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed (n = 498), Cochrane Library (n = 41), Scopus (n = 258), ScienceDirect (n = 248), and Web of Science (n = 158) from January 2010 to October 2024. After removing 153 duplicates, 950 records were screened. Following full-text assessment, 36 studies were included in the final analysis. Data extraction was performed using Excel (Microsoft® Corp., Redmond, WA, USA), and graphical data were digitized using WebPlotDigitizer. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0, and meta-analyses were conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (v3.7), using mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). I² statistics were used to assess heterogeneity, and Egger's and Begg's tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Semaglutide showed the highest weight regain after discontinuation (MD = -5.15 kg; 95% CI: -5.27 to -5.03), followed by exenatide (MD = -3.06 kg; 95% CI: -3.91 to -2.22), liraglutide (MD = -1.50 kg; 95% CI: -2.41 to -0.26), and orlistat (MD = -1.66 kg; 95% CI: -2.75 to -0.58). Heterogeneity was moderate to high (I² ranging from 41.7% to 99.7%). Egger's test showed significant bias for liraglutide (p = 0.013), while no major bias was found for the other agents. This meta-analysis demonstrates that weight regain is common and drug-dependent following the discontinuation of anti-obesity pharmacotherapies. The findings emphasize the need for sustained, long-term treatment strategies to maintain weight loss and to manage obesity as a chronic disease.

Indexed as

anti-obesity medicationsglp-1 receptor agonistsmeta-analysisorlistatweight retention

Identifiers

PMID41116804
PMCPMC12535773

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.