ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2025
GLP-1R Agonists Improve Ocular Surface Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ocular Surface Recovery Following Corrective Eyelid Surgery: Course, Predictors, and Perioperative Management Implications.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Ocular Surface: A Narrative Review of Restoration, Remodeling, and Clinical Implications.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Beyond Glycemic Control: Ocular Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Ocular Outcomes: Metabolic Transition, Retinal Vulnerability, and Risk-Stratified Monitoring.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Diabetic dry eye: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Functional and Aesthetic Periorbital, Ocular Adnexal and Ocular Surface Changes Linked to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular surface disorder frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have demonstrated systemic anti-inflammatory and vascular benefits beyond glycemic control, their potential impact on tear film parameters remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 RAs on ocular surface health in patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: In this single-center case-control study, 35 patients with T2DM receiving glucose-lowering therapies were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups: 21 patients treated with GLP-1 RAs (alone or in combination with other agents) and 14 patients treated with non-GLP-1 RA glucose-lowering medications. Ocular surface parameters-including Schirmer I test and tear breakup time (TBUT)-were assessed and compared between groups. Results: Patients receiving GLP-1 RAs demonstrated significantly higher Schirmer I test values (median 15 mm, range 1-33) compared to non-GLP-1 RA users (median 7.5 mm, range 0-40; Conclusion: GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy is associated with improved tear production and tear film stability in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting a potential protective effect on the ocular surface. These findings highlight an emerging link between antidiabetic therapies and ocular surface health. Prospective, larger-scale studies are warranted to validate these preliminary results and investigate underlying mechanisms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.