ReviewBone research2025
What a pain in the back: etiology, diagnosis and future treatment directions for discogenic low back pain.
Review in Bone research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomaterials for intervertebral disc regeneration: Niche reprogramming, precision therapeutics, and structural reconstruction.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- Hydrogel-integrated osteogenic microtissues promote repair of infected intervertebral defects through sequential immunomodulation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Musculoskeletal Disorders: From Molecular Pathology to Novel Therapeutic Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Transgenic Conversion of Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acids viaJOR spine · 2026Article
- Article
- Surviving the Nucleus Pulposus Desert: Next-Generation Strategies for Intervertebral Disc Cell Therapy.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Multidisciplinary expert consensus on clinical diagnosis and therapies for low back pain.Bone research · 2026Article
- Macrophage Lipid Homeostasis Drives IVDD via a Senescence-Dependent Impairment of Efferocytosis.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Multi-parametric quantitative MRI for characterizing of lumbar intervertebral disc high-intensity zones in patients with chronic low back pain.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Epigenetic research methods and animal models for intervertebral disc degeneration (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Disruption of YAP biomolecular condensates by mechanical stress drives intervertebral disc vascularization.Science advances · 2026Article
- Antioxidant Nanotherapies for Intervertebral Disk Degeneration: Progress and Prospects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Viscoelastic and Morphologic Changes in the Lumbar Intervertebral Discs of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.JOR spine · 2026Article
- ROS-responsive hydrogel microspheres deliver shTMEM2-loaded liposomes to suppress pyroptosis and ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- TGF-β/SMAD signaling maintains nucleus pulposus stem cell quiescence to protect against oxidative injury in intervertebral disc degeneration.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Regional Burden of Spinal Pain in Asia-Pacific Countries and Territories, 1990-2023: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Dose-Response Relationship Between Acupuncture Parameters and Pain Reduction in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Transforaminal intradiscal steroid injection versus transforaminal epidural steroid injection for chronic discogenic low back pain with active discopathy: a randomized controlled trial protocol.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Deciphering the regulatory mechanism and therapeutic potential of ECM degradation in intervertebral disc degeneration via multi-omics integration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Degenerative Disease of Intervertebral Disc: A Narrative Review of Pathogenesis, Clinical Implications and Therapies.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic lower back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Due to its close relationship with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD), research has historically focused more on understanding the mechanism behind IVDD while clinical efforts prioritize pain management. More recently, there has been a shift toward understanding LBP as a distinct pathological entity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on discogenic LBP, combining known pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, risk factors, diagnostic challenges, and available experimental models. IVDD is a complex, multifactorial process involving biochemical, mechanical, and inflammatory changes within the disc, leading to structural breakdown and potential discogenic pain. Key mechanisms include extracellular matrix degradation, upregulation of inflammatory mediators, immune cell infiltration, and aberrant nerve and vascular ingrowth. However, not all cases of IVDD result in LBP, highlighting the need for further investigation into the cellular, molecular, and biomechanical factors contributing to symptom development. Current diagnostic tools and experimental models for studying discogenic LBP remain limited, impeding the development of targeted treatments. Existing therapies primarily focus on symptom management rather than addressing underlying disease mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.