ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Real world effectiveness of antipneumococcal vaccination against pneumonia in adults: a population-based cohort study, Catalonia, 2019.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A multicentre case-control study about effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination against pneumonia hospitalization in at-risk adults.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2026Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDespite recognised benefits against vaccine-type pneumococcal infections, limited and inconsistent evidence exists on the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccination in preventing pneumococcal and all-cause pneumonia in adults. This study investigated clinical effectiveness of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPsV23) against hospitalised pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) and/or all-cause pneumonia (ACP) among middle-aged and older adults before COVID-19 pandemic started.
methodsPopulation-based cohort study involving 2,234,003 persons ≥ 50 years old in Catalonia, Spain, followed between 01/01/2019-31/12/2019. An Institutional Research database (SIDIAP-DB) was used to establish baseline characteristics of cohort members (demographics, underlying-risk conditions, vaccinations' history) and hospitalisations from PP/ACP were captured by hospital discharge codes (ICD10: J12-J18) in 68 referral Catalonian hospitals. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between receipt of PCV13/PPsV23 and risk of PP/ACP.
resultsCohort members were followed for 2,194,200 person-years (23,494 PCV13-vaccinated and 783,465 PPsV23-vaccinated), observing 2319 hospitalised PP cases (110 in PCV13-vaccinated, 1558 in PPsV23-vaccinated) and 12,848 hospitalised-ACP cases (542 in PCV13-vaccinated, 9097 in PPsV23-vaccinated). Receipt PCV13 was associated with a greater risk of PP (multivariable-hazard ratio [MHR]: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.49-2.24) and ACP (MHR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.42-1.70). Receipt PPsV23was also associated with increased risk of PP (MHR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.10-1.36) and ACP (MHR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.18-1.31) in the overall study cohort. Vaccination did not significantly alter the risk of death from PP/ACP. In sensitive analyses restricted to elderly (≥ 65 years old) and at-risk persons (immunocompromised, chronic respiratory/cardiac disease), PCV13 and/or PPsV23 did not emerge effective either.
conclusionThis study did not find evidence of the clinical effectiveness of PPsV23/PCV13 vaccination in preventing the outcomes measured at population-based level. At present, new extended-valency, PCVs (PCV15/PCV20/PCV21) have been marketed for using in adults and, logically, vaccines' effectiveness must be re-evaluated in the coming years.
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