ArticleInternal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)2026
Association Between Phase Angle and HbA1c in Non-elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study Using Outpatient Clinical Data.
Article in Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond the "Missing Link": The Association between Phase Angle and HbA1c.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Missing Link between Glycemic Control and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Long COVID and the kidney.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Objective This study investigated the association between the phase angle (PhA), a marker of cellular health and body composition quality, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), an indicator of glycemic control, in non-elderly (<65 years old) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This cross-sectional study included 167 non-elderly T2DM patients. The participants were categorized into tertiles (low, middle, and high) based on their PhA values. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between PhA tertiles and controlled HbA1c levels (defined as <7.0%) after adjusting for potential confounders, such as the age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, and number of anti-diabetic medications used by the study participants. Results HbA1c levels were significantly lower in the middle (8.41%±2.06%) and high (8.35%±1.77%) PhA tertiles than in the low tertile (9.58%±2.86%). After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios for achievement of controlled HbA1c in the middle and high PhA tertiles, compared with the low tertile, were 2.338 (95% confidence interval 1.006-5.432) and 2.666 (1.071-6.636), respectively. Furthermore, when analyzed as a continuous variable, PhA remained a significant and independent predictor of controlled HbA1c level. Conclusion PhA appears to be a useful independent indicator of glycemic control in non-elderly patients with T2DM. This non-invasive marker could contribute to the development of personalized therapeutic strategies that consider the cellular health and muscle quality.
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