Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41126789›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Does education promote resilience and brain health in those with exceptional longevity? The LifeAfter90 study.

Batool Rizvi, Alexander Ivan B Posis, Hilary L Colbeth, Kristen M George, Adam M Brickman, Pauline Maillard, Charles DeCarli, Paola Gilsanz, Maria M Corrada, Rachel A Whitmer

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Does education promote resilience and brain health in those with exceptional longevity? The LifeAfter90 study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Batool RizviDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Alexander Ivan B PosisDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Hilary L ColbethDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Kristen M GeorgeDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Adam M BrickmanTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Pauline MaillardDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Charles DeCarliDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Paola GilsanzDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Maria M CorradaDepartment of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, USA.
Rachel A WhitmerDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.

Funding

Epidemiology of Age-related Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Brain Pathology in Cohort of Oldest-OldR01AG056519 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Maria Corrada, Paola Gilsanz · 2022 to 2026
$25.8M
UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG072972 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Charles DeCarli, Rachel A Whitmer · 2021 to 2026
$25.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG056519NIH HHS P30AG072972NIH HHS R01AG056519Residual Class Settlement Funds Case 03-cv-2496
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionEducational attainment is associated with better memory performance and greater hippocampal volume, but it is unknown if it is protective after age 90.

methodsIn 277 participants (mean age 93.1 ± 2.2, 54.5% women), we examined associations among education, hippocampal volume, and episodic memory. We further assessed whether the mediation of hippocampal volume on education and memory was moderated by race/ethnicity.

resultsHigher education was associated with better episodic memory performance (b = 0.042, [0.009, 0.074]). The association between education and hippocampal volume was positive in Black participants (b = 0.07, [0.011, 0.132]) but negative in Latinx participants (b = -0.04, [-0.074, -0.003]). In a mediation, higher education was directly associated with better memory performance (b = 0.044, [0.011, 0.077]). In Latinx participants, higher education was associated with lower hippocampal volume, which was associated with worse memory (indirect effect: b = -0.011, [-0.027, -0.001]). DISCUSSION: Education has a protective effect on memory even in the oldest-old. The contribution of education to hippocampal volume is heterogeneous across race/ethnic groups. HIGHLIGHTS: Higher education was associated with better episodic memory performance. Higher education was related to greater hippocampal volume among Black adults. Higher education was related to lower hippocampal volume among Latinx adults. In Latinx adults, hippocampal volume mediated the effect of education on memory.

Indexed as

BrainEducational StatusHippocampusLongevityMemory, EpisodicResilience, PsychologicalAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleNeuropsychological Testscognitive agingeducational attainmentepisodic memoryethnicityhippocampusoldest‐oldrace

Identifiers

PMID41126789
PMCPMC12547351

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.