Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41128965›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025

Relationship Between Intellectual Disability and Behavioral Comorbidity in Children With Fragile X Syndrome.

Walter E Kaufmann, Paul S Horn, Dejan B Budimirovic, Holly K Harris, Reymundo Lozano, FORWARD Consortium

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Profile of Behavioral Comorbidities in Children With Fragile X Syndrome.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Walter E KaufmannEmory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. walter.e.kaufmann@emory.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8561-8453
Paul S HornDivision of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-5754
Dejan B BudimirovicKennedy Krieger Institute, 1741 Ashland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-5134
Holly K HarrisTexas Children's Hospital, 8080 North Stadium Drive, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5512-755X
Reymundo LozanoIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5616-5854
FORWARD Consortium

Funding

Preclinical and Clincial OutcomesP50HD103555 · NICHD · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI Sandesh Chakravarthy Sreenath Nagamani, David Loren Nelson · 2020 to 2026
$9.9M
CDC HHS 75D30120F09737CDC HHS U01DD000231CDC HHS U01DD001189CDC HHS U19DD000753NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD000231NCBDD CDC HHS U01 DD001189NCBDD CDC HHS U19 DD000753NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD103555
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeFragile X syndrome (FXS) presents with variable cognitive and neurobehavioral abnormalities. We recently reported clinically relevant behavioral subtypes in children with FXS based on a latent class analysis (LCA), which suggested an association between level of intellectual disability (ID) and frequency of co-occurring behavioral conditions. The present study further investigated ID-behavioral comorbidity associations in the same subject sample.

methodsWe analyzed the large (1,072 males, 338 females) pediatric FORWARD clinic-based natural history study database, using multiple statistical techniques including chi-square analyses, polyserial correlations, regression analyses, and LCA.

resultsWe demonstrated that frequency of irritability/agitation, aggression, and self-injury (IAAS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), hypersensitivity and, to lesser extent, perseverative behavior (OCD-like) are a function of ID level across the range of FXS clinical severity. With exception of IAAS, these associations were further supported by correlations between ID levels and scales shown to represent the aforementioned behavioral comorbidities.

conclusionThe ID-behavioral comorbidity associations reported here could help in the identification and management of problematic behaviors in individuals with FXS and other ID-associated disorders.

Indexed as

Autism symptomatologyFragile x syndromeIntellectual disabilityMaladaptive behaviorSubtypes

Identifiers

PMID41128965
PMCPMC13502139

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.