ArticleCell reports2025
Distinct immunity protein families mediate compartment-specific neutralization of a bacterial toxin.
Article in Cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacterial pore-forming toxins: mechanisms and implications for host immunity.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Systematic analysis of the type VII secretion system inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A novel reverse lipase toxin substrate of themicroLife · 2026Article
- TheMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus utilizes a type VII secretion system (T7SS) to secrete antibacterial toxins targeting competitor bacteria. EsxX is a T7SS substrate protein harboring an N-terminal LXG domain, which is secreted by ST398 strains. We demonstrate that the EsxX C terminus is a membrane-depolarizing toxin with a glycine zipper motif. EsxX is profoundly toxic to bacteria, displaying toxicity from both cytoplasmic and extracellular compartments. A pair of polytopic membrane proteins, ExiCD, protects cells from intoxication by extracellular EsxX. By contrast, a distinct soluble heterodimer, ExiAB, neutralizes cytoplasmic EsxX by sequestration of its glycine zipper motif in a binding groove on ExiB. exiA-exiB co-occur with esxX, consistent with protection from self-toxicity prior to EsxX secretion. By contrast, ExiCD is encoded by both EsxX producers and in antitoxin islands of competitor strains that do not encode EsxX, consistent with providing immunity against the secreted form of the toxin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.