Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41129694›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2026

Comparative Effectiveness of Inpatient Rehabilitation Versus Skilled Nursing Facilities for Stroke and Hip Fracture Patients.

Derek Lake, Soryan Kumar, Fangli Geng, Pedro Gozalo

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. BMJ open · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Derek LakeDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Soryan KumarCenter for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Fangli GengCenter for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Pedro GozaloCenter for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Funding

Which Post-Acute Care Setting is Best for Patients' Outcomes?R01AG054656 · NIA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI GOZALO, PEDRO L, GRABOWSKI, DAVID C · 2017 to 2019
$1.7M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG054656NIA NIH HHS R01AG054656
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrior research suggests discharge to inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF) leads to improved outcomes for stroke and hip fracture patients relative to skilled nursing facilities (SNF), while incurring greater costs. However, these estimates are likely biased by non-random patient selection.

methodsWe used a quasi-experimental design to compare post-acute care outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for stroke or hip fracture in 55 US hospitals that closed their IRF units between 2009 and 2017. Primary and secondary outcomes were 30-, 90-, and 180-day readmission and mortality, and successful community discharge.

resultsAmong 10,761 stroke and 13,963 hip fracture hospitalizations, IRF discharge declined sharply, offset by increases to SNF and home health. Relative to IRF, SNF discharge was associated with no significant differences in readmissions but an increase in 90-day mortality for stroke (+6.5%, 95% CI 1.5%-11.4%) and hip fracture (+5.8%, 95% CI 2.5%-9.0%). Successful community discharge did not differ for patients redirected to SNF, but stroke patients redirected to home health had significantly higher rates of successful discharge (DID estimate: +6.8%; 95% CI 0.1%-13.5%). The protective effect of IRF was concentrated within 20 days post-discharge.

conclusionsFollowing hospitalization for stroke and hip fracture, discharge to an IRF was associated with lower mortality relative to SNF. However, given the potential for unmeasured confounding, this association should be interpreted with caution. Careful post-acute care referral protocols are critical to ensure good patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Hip FracturesPatient DischargeRehabilitation CentersSkilled Nursing FacilitiesStrokeStroke RehabilitationAgedAged, 80 and overComparative Effectiveness ResearchFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleMedicarePatient ReadmissionUnited Statesaginghip fractureinpatient rehabilitationpost‐acute carestroke

Identifiers

PMID41129694
PMCPMC13077050

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.