SynthesisNPJ primary care respiratory medicine2025
Effectiveness of online asthma training programmes to improve asthma management among school staff: a systematic review using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model.
Synthesis in NPJ primary care respiratory medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nurse core competency cultivation using the checklist-based Kirkpatrick model under the "cross-departmental bed-sharing" mode.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Asthma is a leading chronic illness in children worldwide, and school staff are often the first responders when asthma emergencies occur at school. Despite their crucial role, many school staff lack adequate training in asthma management. Online training has emerged as a standardised and scalable solution, but its broader effectiveness remains uncertain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of online asthma training programmes for school staff. A comprehensive search was conducted across six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Education Research Complete) in June 2024. Eligible studies included those that evaluated online asthma training programmes targeting school staff (teachers, classroom assistants, and school nurses). The effectiveness of interventions was assessed using the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, which categorises outcomes into four levels: reaction, learning, behaviour, and results. Methodological quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Eight studies met the inclusion criteria with quality scores ranging from 40 to 80%. Interventions identified included web-based modules (n = 4), online classrooms (n = 2), an eBook (n = 1), and a PowerPoint presentation (n = 1). All reported participants' positive satisfaction with the training and improvements in asthma knowledge (levels 1 and 2). However, none of the studies evaluated behavioural change or organisational outcomes (levels 3 and 4). Most studies had small sample sizes and lacked long-term follow-up, limiting assessment of real-world impact. Online asthma training programmes improve school staff's knowledge and satisfaction, and appear to be as effective as face-to-face training. However, their impact on behavioural or organisational change remains lacking. Future research should explore long-term effects to support real-world implementation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.