ArticleJournal of animal science and biotechnology2025
Deciphering the dialogue between the bovine blastocyst and the uterus: embryo-induced alterations in extracellular vesicle protein content from an ex vivo model and the in vivo environment.
Article in Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Embryo-derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as biomarkers for embryo quality during IVF: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2026Pooled it
- Melatonin Supplementation Increases Oocyte Recovery and Quality Associated with Altered Follicular Steroidogenesis and Redox Status in Dairy Cows.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Embryonic Mediators of Embryo-Uterus Communication, Implantation and Pregnancy.Molecular reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in bovine reproduction: their journey from gametogenesis to pregnancy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Molecular pathways and immune microenvironment regulation in stem cell therapy for thin endometrium: a comprehensive narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- LPS-Stressed Bovine Endometrial Cells upon Morulae in a Transwell Model of Embryo-Maternal Talk.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroudEfficient communication between the embryo and the endometrium is essential for the successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Uterine-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to embryo-maternal communication, supporting early embryonic development. This study aimed to: (i) compare the protein cargo of uterine fluid EVs (UF-EVs) from CYCLIC and PREGNANT heifers; (ii) characterize the protein profile of conditioned medium (CM)-EVs from endometrial explants cultured alone (EXPL) or co-cultured with five d 7 blastocysts (EXPL + EMB) in vitro; and (iii) compare the EV protein cargo between the in vivo and in vitro models (i.e., EXPL vs. CYCLIC and EXPL + EMB vs. PREGNANT).
resultsWe identified 1,459 and 1,752 proteins in the UF-EVs of CYCLIC and PREGNANT heifers, respectively. Among these, 12 were exclusive to CYCLIC, and 18 were exclusive to PREGNANT. Among the 1,329 proteins identified in both groups, 16 were differently abundant; ten were more abundant, and six were less abundant in UF-EVs from PREGNANT heifers. In vivo, the changes in UF-EV protein cargo induced by the presence of a blastocyst were related to inflammatory and immune responses, endometrial receptivity, and support of early embryonic development by promoting cell polarity, cell-cell adhesion, and stem cell differentiation. In vitro, we identified 1,501 proteins in the CM-EVs from EXPL, 1,975 in the CM-EVs from EXPL + EMB, and 82 in the CM-EVs from EMB. Additionally, 50 proteins were unique to EXPL + EMB, and another 33 were differentially abundant due to the synergistic interaction between the embryo and the endometrium. These proteins are involved in embryonic development, regulation of stem cell differentiation, establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, interferon tau (IFNT)-mediated cell signaling, endometrial receptivity, and immune modulation. Although there are qualitative and quantitative differences between in vivo and in vitro-derived EVs, UF-EVs from CYCLIC heifers compared to CM-EVs from EXPL, as well as UF-EVs from PREGNANT heifers compared to CM-EVs from EXPL + EMB shared common proteins.
conclusionsThese findings highlight the pivotal role of EVs in embryo-maternal communication, suggesting that their protein cargo may actively contribute to the modulation of the uterine environment to support early embryonic development. Understanding these molecular interactions could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of implantation and pregnancy establishment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.