Evidence mapPaperPMID 41131710Full record

ReviewEndocrinology2025

Endocrine Examples of Phase Separation in Biology.

Talia Fargason, Xu Liu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Talia FargasonDepartment of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Xu LiuDepartment of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2252-7148

Funding

Multifaceted Regulation of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Transcriptional ActivitiesR35GM155032 · EMORY UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$388k
American Heart Association Career Development Grant 848388National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences GM155032NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM155032
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Over the past 15 years, groundbreaking discoveries have reshaped our understanding of how biomolecules are organized in space and time within cells, revealing that many cellular compartments are separated from their surroundings not by membranes but by physical forces arising from unique interactions among their biomolecular components. These interactions drive the compartmentalization of biomolecules through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into dynamic droplets, which can further stabilize through liquid-gel phase separation (LGPS). Phase separation plays essential roles across diverse biological systems, including the endocrine system, where it impacts the function on steroid hormone receptors (SHRs). SHRs are a family of nuclear receptors that transduce steroid signals to regulate transcription of thousands of genes, thereby supporting endocrine homeostasis and contributing to diseases when dysregulated. During gene activation, SHRs form high-density clusters at promoters and enhancers. This mini-review summarizes recent literature indicating that these clusters function as transcriptional condensates, where phase separation of SHRs and coregulators mediates chromatin remodeling and enhanced transcription. We also discuss hypotheses suggesting that SHR-driven LLPS at gene loci contributes to hormone therapy resistance, while a transition to LGPS causes reduced hormone responsiveness. Finally, advancements in SHR condensate-modifying drugs to create new therapeutic options for hormone therapy-resistant cancers are highlighted. Overall, emerging evidence on the phase properties of SHR condensates is transforming our understanding of the endocrine regulation and unleashing novel intervention strategies beyond targeting individual proteins.

Indexed as

Endocrine SystemReceptors, SteroidAnimalsHumansPhase SeparationReceptors, Steroidliquid–liquid phase separationnuclear receptorsteroid hormone receptortranscriptional condensate

Identifiers

PMID41131710
PMCPMC12781121

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.