ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
A digital twin of glimepiride for personalized and stratified diabetes treatment.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Implications of Genetic Elements on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis and Management.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Review
- Unveiling abietic Acid's therapeutic potential: a narrative review on structure-activity relationship, pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological considerations.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Optimizing glimepiride therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is challenged by pronounced inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics. Methods: We developed a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model as a digital twin of glimepiride, enabling systematic evaluation of how patient-specific factors influence drug disposition. Using curated data from 20 clinical studies, the digital twin mechanistically simulates glimepiride's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). It accounts for key determinants of variability including renal and hepatic function, CYP2C9 genotype, and bodyweight. Results: The model accurately reproduced observed pharmacokinetics and quantified these factors' impact on drug exposure. Increased glimepiride exposure was predicted in individuals with hepatic dysfunction or specific CYP2C9 variants, highlighting substantial genetic and physiological effects. Discussion: This digital twin provides mechanistic insights into pharmacokinetic variability and serves as an
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Registered trials
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