Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41132901›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in bioinformatics2025

Unveiling the impact of interferon genes on the immune microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer: identification of therapeutic targets.

Ying Liu, Jiayi Cai, Aamir Fahira, Kai Zhuang, Jiaojiao Wang, Zhi Zhang, Lin Yan, Yong Liu, Defang Ouyang, Zunnan Huang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in bioinformatics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ying Liu *The Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
Jiayi Cai *Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
Aamir Fahira *Guangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
Kai ZhuangGuangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
Jiaojiao WangGuangdong Medical University Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
Zhi ZhangThe Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
Lin YanThe First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
Yong LiuThe Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
Defang OuyangState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China.
Zunnan HuangThe Affiliated Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a classic subtype of breast cancer, is challenging to treat due to the lack of drug-targeting receptors. This study aims to explore interferon-related prognostic molecular biomarkers in TNBC and their potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network in TNBC. Methods: RNA expression profiles and interferon genes were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) website, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic genes and construct a risk model. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) and the CellMiner database were used to explore the relationships between prognostic genes and both tumor immune microenvironment and drug sensitivity, respectively. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network associated with prognosis was constructed using the ENCORI database. Finally, the potential interferon-associated lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory axis was identified through correlation analysis. The abnormal expressions of prognostic genes were validated in three TNBC tumor cell lines compared to normal mammary epithelial cells by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The TNBC prognostic signature comprising four interferon genes (STXBP1, LAMP3, CD276, and POLR2F) was identified, with their expression significantly correlated with the infiltration abundance of multiple immune cells and the drug sensitivity of 30 diverse drugs (ARQ-680, Fluphenazine, and Chelerythrine, etc.). Furthermore, an interferon-related genes prognostic ceRNA network was further constructed, consisting of 248 lncRNAs, 66 miRNAs, and 4 mRNAs. As a result, 5 interferon-related ceRNA regulatory axes (AC124067.4/hsa-miR-455-3p/STXBP1, RBPMS-AS1/hsa-miR-455-3p/STXBP1, DNMBP-AS1/hsa-miR-455-3p/STXBP1, FAM198B-AS1/hsa-miR-455-3p/STXBP1, LIFR-AS1/hsa-miR-455-3p/STXBP1) associated with TNBC progression were identified. QRT-PCR results showed that all four prognostic mRNAs were upregulated in TNBC cells. Conclusion: This study established a prognostic signature and a ceRNA network associated with interferon in TNBC, and identified five key regulatory axes. In the prognostic signature and the ceRNA axes, STXBP1, RBPMS-AS1, and FAM198B-AS1 were first reported as potential biomarkers of TNBC. These findings have the potential to provide new insights into the mechanisms driving TNBC tumorigenesis and development.

Indexed as

ceRNA networkimmune microenvironmentinterferon geneprognostic signaturetriple-negative breast cancer

Identifiers

PMID41132901
PMCPMC12542738

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.