ReviewThe Psychiatric quarterly2025
Towards Objective Major Depressive Disorder Detection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Biomarkers.
Review in The Psychiatric quarterly, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and validation of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with LC-MS/MS for plasma 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid quantification with application as a biomarker in major depressive disorder.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association of inflammation and serum adipocytokines with depression and anxiety burden in axial spondyloarthritis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exploring potential value of neutrophil extracellular traps in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite extensive research, identifying reliable diagnostic biomarkers for MDD remains an open question. This systematic review quantifies the most promising diagnostic biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD) that can be utilized in clinical settings. We performed a comprehensive electronic search across PubMed, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering the literature from January 2013 to December 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies with human participants ages 18 and above, focusing on diagnostic biomarkers in bodily fluids and comparing patients with MDD with healthy controls. Exclusion criteria included comorbid physical or psychological illnesses, animal studies, and neuroimaging studies. We quantified 312 diagnostic biomarkers of MDD from 175 selected studies and found that interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were the most frequently appearing biomarkers in the selected studies. Meta-analyses of these top five biomarkers indicated that IL-6, BDNF, cortisol, and TNF-α were significantly associated with MDD, but further validation in different populations needs more work. Future research may focus on developing panels of diagnostic biomarkers and standardizing methodologies for diverse populations to enhance the diagnostic accuracy for MDD.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.