Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41135920›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2026

Variations in Mental Distress Among Caregivers of Individuals With Chronic Illnesses and Comorbid Cognitive Impairment.

Austin R Medlin, Hannah R Abrams, Erin E Kent, Babatope Ayokunle Ogunjesa, Sumin Park, Kelly R Tan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Austin R MedlinDepartment of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana.
Hannah R AbramsFred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Erin E KentDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Babatope Ayokunle OgunjesaDepartment of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois; College of Medicine Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, Illnois.
Sumin ParkSchool of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Kelly R TanSchool of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: Krt92@pitt.edu.

Funding

INTEGRATIVE PREDOCTORAL TRAINING IN DRUG ABUSE RESEARCH AT INDIANA UNIVERSITYT32DA024628 · NIDA · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI Andrea Grace Hohmann, Kenneth Mackie · 2008 to 2026
$3.1M
ACL HHS 90RTGE0002NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA024628
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis study was aimed to examine the rates of mentally unhealthy days and frequent mentally unhealthy days among caregivers of patients with cancer, heart disease, mental illness, and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias on the basis of caregiving intensity and how cognitive impairment in non-Alzheimer's disease and related dementias caregiving moderates these relationships.

methodsData from 22,550 caregivers in the 2019-2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to explore the relationship between caregiving intensity, mentally unhealthy days, and the presence of cognitive impairment. Zero-inflated negative binomial regressions assessed the associations of caregiving intensity on mentally unhealthy days, and logistic regressions examined the patterns in frequent mentally unhealthy days, controlling for demographics and survey weighting.

resultsCaregivers of individuals with mental illness reported the highest frequent mentally unhealthy days (27.53%), followed by caregivers of those with cancer (20.3%), heart disease (18.57%), and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (17.82%). Increased caregiving intensity correlated with higher mentally unhealthy day rates, particularly among caregivers of patients with cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Caregivers of those with cancer showed increased mentally unhealthy days when moderating for cognitive impairment. Higher caregiving intensity was linked to increased frequent mentally unhealthy days in the caregivers of patients with cancer and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, with cancer caregivers showing more frequent mentally unhealthy days when moderating for cognitive impairment.

conclusionsCaregiving intensity affects mental health outcomes differently across illnesses. Tailored support is needed for caregivers, especially those providing care for individuals with comorbid cognitive impairment.

Indexed as

CaregiversCognitive DysfunctionMental DisordersPsychological DistressStress, PsychologicalAdultAgedAlzheimer DiseaseBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance SystemChronic DiseaseComorbidityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID41135920
PMCPMC13102145

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.