ArticleScientific reports2025
mTOR/HIF-1α-associated scleral metabolic reprogramming by Mingshi formula in form-deprivation myopia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Aquaporin-1 upregulation is associated with scleral remodeling during myopia development in mice.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Precision of Pachymetry Measured With a Portable High-Resolution Ultrasound, a Standard Ultrasound, and Two Scheimpflug Pachymeters.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Focusing on the mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway, this study investigated the mechanism through which the traditional Chinese medicine compound Mingshi Formula delays the progression of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs. The guinea pigs were divided into the normal control group (NC), FDM group, Mingshi Formula low-dose group (FDM + Low), medium-dose group (FDM + Medium), high-dose group (FDM + High), and MTOR inhibitor group (FDM + RapaLink-1). The guinea pig model of FDM was established by applying 3D-printed hoods modified by a latex balloon with 60% light transmission for 4 weeks. Refractive error changes were monitored using a refractometer. Axial length was quantitatively analyzed using A-scan ultrasound, choroidal thickness was measured with SD-OCT, and structural changes of the choroid and sclera were observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. At the molecular level, the expression levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), HIF-1α, LDHA, PKM2, MMP2, Collagen I, and α-SMA in the sclera were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The spatial distribution characteristics of mTOR, p-mTOR, HIF-1α, and Collagen I were verified via immunofluorescence techniques. The results demonstrated that the Mingshi Formula significantly decreased myopic refractive error and axial length (p < 0.01), increased choroidal thickness (p < 0.05), downregulated the gene and protein expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, HIF-1α, LDHA, PKM2, MMP2, and α-SMA in response to hypoxia, and upregulated the expression of Collagen I compared to the FDM group. We demonstrated that MingShi formula modulates the mTOR/HIF-1α signaling axis to ameliorate scleral hypoxic metabolic homeostasis, regulate Collagen synthesis, inhibit aberrant extracellular matrix remodeling, and ultimately delay myopia progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.