Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41137721›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council2025

Associations of In Utero Exposure to Racial Violence and Reproductive Development: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

Maria P Santos, Maya David, Lydia Bazzano, Katrina Sims, Emily W Harville

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Associations of In Utero Exposure to Racial Violence and Reproductive Development: The Bogalusa Heart Study.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Maria P SantosDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Maya DavidTulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Lydia BazzanoDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Katrina SimsDepartment of History, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA.
Emily W HarvilleDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0319-0922

Funding

Childhood CV Risk and Adult CVD Outcomes: an International Long-term Follow-upR01HL121230 · NHLBI · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI BURNS, TRUDY L, CHEN, WEI · 2015 to 2019
$13.3M
EVOLUTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK WITH NORMAL AGINGR01AG016592 · NIA · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI CHEN, WEI · 2000 to 2015
$11.7M
The Role of Vascular Aging in Cognitive and Physical Function - Diversity SupplementR01AG041200 · NIA · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI BAZZANO, LYDIA · 2012 to 2017
$2.9M
A novel research infrastructure enabling life-course studies of healthy agingR33AG057983 · NIA · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI BAZZANO, LYDIA · 2020 to 2022
$2.4M
Long-Term Burden of Maternal Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Birth OutcomesR01HD069587 · NICHD · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI HARVILLE, EMILY WHEELER · 2012 to 2015
$2.1M
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL121230NIA NIH HHS R01 AG016592NIA NIH HHS R01 AG041200NIA NIH HHS R33 AG057983NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD069587
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study seeks to assess the association between in utero exposure to racial violence during the Civil Rights movement and pubertal development and fertility outcomes within the Bogalusa Heart Study population.

methodsUtilizing a prospective cohort design, Bogalusa Heart Study participants born between 1960 and 1970 were categorized based on their gestational age during peak racial violence events in Bogalusa. Exposure was defined as being in utero during the first trimester during February-July 1965. Pubertal development was assessed using age at menarche for girls and Tanner staging at age 13 for boys (n = 1945) and girls (n = 1970). Fertility outcomes, including fertility issues and miscarriage, were obtained by self-report from the Bogalusa Babies study (2012-2016).

resultsIn utero exposure to racial violence was associated with earlier age at menarche in girls (-0.43 years, p < 0.001) and delayed pubertal development in boys (-0.54 Tanner stage at age 13; p = 0.02). An imprecise estimated increased odds of miscarriage (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 0.92 to 4.47) and fertility issues (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 0.62 to 11.32) were observed. Analysis by race did not show a significant interaction.

conclusionIn utero exposure to racial violence during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with an earlier age at menarche in girls and slower pubertal development in boys. The findings underscore the importance of considering maternal stressors, specifically racial violence, in understanding variations in reproductive development.

Indexed as

Prenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsRacismAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansLouisianaMaleMenarchePregnancyProspective Studiescivil rightsmenarcheprenatal stressraceviolence

Identifiers

PMID41137721
PMCPMC12553303

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.