ReviewClinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology2025
A Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-controlled Trials on the Effects of Probiotics for Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Review in Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR-99 Modulates Gut Microbiota and Core Symptoms in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Single-arm Pilot Study.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Intermittent Fasting andNutrients · 2026Article
- Gut-Brain Inflammation and Disrupted Homeostasis Due to Activation of Mast Cells and Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The current meta-analysis aimed at updating evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of probiotics against autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms and identifying outcome confounders. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, randomized placebo-controlled trials retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ScienceDirect were analyzed for effect size of primary outcomes (i.e., overall behavioral symptom changes) expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratios (ORs) for continuous and categorical variables, respectively, with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Meta-analysis of eight studies (465 participants, mean age: 6.03, range: 1.5-45, female: 17.4%) revealed total ASD symptom improvements in the probiotic group compared to placebos (SMD: -0.19, 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.01, Conclusion: The current study showed an association between probiotics use and an improvement in ASD symptoms, mainly in those aged below six or over three-month treatments. More large-scale investigations are warranted to support our findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.