ArticleEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets2026
Metformin Alone and in Combinations Alter the Methylation Patterns of
Article in Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDNA methylation, being a predictor of gene-environment interaction, a dynamic and reversible process, and a target of drugs, may help clinicians to step towards precision medicine. Epigenome-wide association studies have linked methylation changes with type 2 diabetes and glycemic control; among such frequently documented differentially methylated loci include TXNIP (Thioredoxin interacting protein) and ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette Subfamily G Member 1). However, research evaluating the effects of antidiabetic treatment on DNA methylation is quite meager.
objectiveThe current study aimed to evaluate the pre-and post-treatment methylation status of ABCG1 and TXNIP loci in individuals diagnosed recently with type 2 diabetes (T2Ds).
methodIn this quasi-experimental study, individuals recently diagnosed with T2Ds were recruited from 1st March 2022 to 12th June, 2023 from diabetes OPDS/clinics. We included the participants (total n=75) as groups that were prescribed Metformin (Met)alone (n=25), Metformin and Dipeptidyl Peptidase- 4 inhibitors in combination (Met+DDP4I) (n=25), and Metformin and Sodium-Glucose co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in combination (Met+SGLT2I) (n=25). The methylation status of TXNIP and ABCG1 for all the study groups were evaluated by methylation-specific qPCR. Paired T-test and ANOVA were applied to compare the pre-and post-treatment methylation status of the study groups. Pearson’s correlation test followed by multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the respective correlations and effect of different independent variables on the outcome of the study i.e., post-treatment methylation percentages of ABCG1 and TXNIP.
resultsIn all groups, post-treatment ABCG1 methylation was found to be significantly decreased, post-treatment TXNIP methylation displayed a significant increase. In a model of linear regression, among various dependent variables, BMI was observed to significantly influence post treatment ABCG1 methylation in all groups, including Met alone (β=0.788, p=0.002), Met+DDP4I, (β= 0.754, p=0.04) and Met+SGLT2I (β= 0.733, p=0.027). While post-treatment TXNIP methylation was significantly affected by reduction in HbA1c levels in all groups, Met alone (β= -0.999, p <0.001), Met+DDP4I (β= -0.850 p <0.001) and Met+SGLT2I (β= -1.007, p <0.001).
conclusionMetformin alone and its combinations with DDP4I and SGLT2I decrease the methylation of ABCG1, while increase the methylation of TXNIP in patients with type 2 diabetes. The post-treatment ABCG1 methylation is associated with a decrease in BMI, whereas the post-treatment TXNIP methylation is associated with a decrease in HbA1c levels. Considering the effects of antidiabetic drugs on the methylation status of aforementioned loci involved in the control of glycemic and metabolic parameters; the results of the current study may pave a path for the implementation of precision medicine in type 2 diabetes after further validation by large scale clinical studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.