Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41140345›Full record

ReviewMayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health2025

Sustainable by Design: Digital Health Business Models for Equitable Global Health Impact in Low-Income and Low-Middle-Income Countries.

Elvin Irihamye, Justin Hadad, Natasha Ali, Bruno Holthof, Francis Wafula, Chris Paton, Mike English, Shobhana Nagraj

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Elvin IrihamyeNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Justin HadadDepartment of Economics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Natasha AliNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Bruno HolthofNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Francis WafulaInstitute of Healthcare Management, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Chris PatonNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Mike EnglishNDM Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Shobhana NagrajDepartment of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study explores challenges and potential strategies related to sustaining digital health business models and markets in low-income and low-middle-income countries using a critical interpretive synthesis approach. We extracted 21 articles from a database search that yielded over 1300 hits and used insights from 7 expert reviewers with experience operating or funding digital health companies in low-middle -income countries. Findings reveal 4 key challenges: (1) internal challenges related to managing value creation for complex stakeholder networks and external challenges related to (2) infrastructure, (3) financing, and (4) regulation. Entrepreneurs must address these through iterative business strategies, but broader market-shaping interventions remain essential. Such interventions could include facilitating strategic partnerships, fit-for-purpose regulation, enhancing public procurement, and innovative financing instruments. Health systems can tailor interventions around their unique contexts by prioritizing technologies, recruiting local market participants, analyzing shared barriers in the business environment, focusing on feasible interventions, and iterating to sustain a competitive environment.

Identifiers

PMID41140345
PMCPMC12547002

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.