ArticleCureus2025
Intertwined Relationship of WWOX and RUNX2 Proteins as a Biomarker for Predicting Response and Survival in Patients With Childhood Bone Cancer in North India: A Pilot Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundEwing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive bone cancer that predominantly affects children and adolescents. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis for patients with metastatic disease remains poor. This pilot study investigated the expression of WWOX and RUNX2 proteins in ES tissues from patients from North India and their potential as prognostic biomarkers.
methodsImmunohistochemical analysis was performed on tumor samples from seven ES patients and five age-matched controls.
resultsThe results revealed that RUNX2 expression was significantly elevated in ES tissues compared to controls (p = 0.005), while WWOX expression showed no significant difference (p = 0.876). Clinically, 71.4% of patients presented with stage IV disease, and 85.7% had metastasis at diagnosis. The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated poor survival outcomes, with a high mortality rate (85.7%) and reduced median survival time.
conclusionThese findings suggest that RUNX2 overexpression is a defining characteristic of ES and may contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. In contrast, WWOX does not appear to play a critical role in ES pathogenesis. The advanced stage at presentation and poor survival outcomes underscore the need for earlier detection and biomarker-driven interventions. Further research is warranted to validate RUNX2 as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in ES.
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