ArticleBMJ public health2025
Perceived discrimination and cardiovascular risk factors in mid-life women: results from Project Viva, a longitudinal cohort in the USA.
Article in BMJ public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Understanding how perceived interpersonal discrimination may affect women's cardiovascular health is key to informing prevention strategies, especially during mid-life when cardiovascular conditions emerge more frequently than in prior life stages. Methods: Participants are 451 women in Project Viva. In 2021-2022, participants completed the 9-item, race-neutral Williams Everyday Discrimination Scale (WEDS) via survey; total score ranged from 9 to 54, with higher scores indicating higher perceived discrimination. In 2022-2024, we collected in-person measures of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and sleep duration (via actigraphy) and quality (via Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment forms). We defined obesity as BMI ≥30 kg/m Results: At outcome measurement, women had a mean (SD) age of 55.8 (4.9) years and WEDS score of 14.9 (5.9); 74% self-identified as non-Hispanic White and 10% as non-Hispanic Black. After adjusting for age at outcome assessment, household income and education, a 10-point increment in total WEDS score was associated with a higher obesity risk (RR=1.40, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.79), higher BMI (β=1.62 kg/m Conclusions: Higher perceived interpersonal discrimination was associated with higher BMI, risk of obesity, shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality among mid-life women. These findings underscore the association between interpersonal discrimination and cardiovascular health and highlight the importance of interventions aimed at reducing discrimination.
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